The Lichen Flora of Serra de São Mamede Natural Park

Palmira Carvalho1, André Breves2

1 Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Rua da Escola Politécnica 56/58, 1250-102, Lisboa, Portugal; 2 Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal

Corresponding author(s): Palmira Carvalho (pgcarvalho@museus.ulisboa.pt), André Breves (abrevesramos@gmail.com)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Resource Citation

Carvalho P (2021): The Lichen Flora of Serra de São Mamede Natural Park. v1.2. Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=liquenes_pnssm&amp;v=1.2

Abstract

This publication is based on the paper "Flora liquénica do Parque Natural da Serra de S. Mamede" published by Palmira Carvalho in 1997 on the journal Portugaliae Acta Biologica. It presents sampling event data of several taxon of lichens collected in 64 sampling stations at Serra de São Mamede Natural Park, Alentejo, Portugal. There are 1,593 occurrence records of lichens in this Natural Park. 

It presents two differente archives: a dataset of the events, with the description of the sampling sites; a dataset of the occurrences, with the lichen species in each site.

Keywords: Samplingevent, occurrence, Alentejo, Lichen diversity, Serra de São Mamede Natural Park, Portugal

Project details

Project title: Flora liquénica do Parque Natural da Serra de São Mamede
Personnel: Palmira Carvalho
Funding: The preparation of this resource for publication through GBIF was supported by Project PORBIOTA—Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127), under the Operational Thematic Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and FCT
Study area descriptions/descriptor: This study was carried out in 64 localities at Serra de São Mamede Natural Park, Alentejo, Portugal.
Design description: This work aimed to carried out the inventory and the characterization of the lichen flora of Serra de São Mamede Natural Park.

Data published through GBIF: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=liquenes_pnssm

Taxonomic coverage

General taxonomic coverage description: This dataset includes 1,593 occurrence records of 220 lichen taxa, being 210 species, 02 subspecies and 08 varieties within 44 families and 18 orders, as following: Acarosporales, Arthoniales, Baeomycetales, Caliciales, Candelariales, Coryneliales, Lecanorales, Lecideales, Lichinales, Mycocaliciales, Ostropales, Peltigerales, Pertusariales, Rhizocarpales, Strigulales, Teloschistales, Umbilicariales and Verrucariales.
Taxonomic ranks
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes, Candelariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Arthoniomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes
Order: Acarosporales, Caliciales, Pertusariales, Lecanorales, Teloschistales, Candelariales, Verrucariales, Arthoniales, Peltigerales, Ostropales, Lichinales, Umbilicariales, Lecideales, Rhizocarpales, Mycocaliciales, Coryneliales, Strigulales, Baeomycetales
Family: Acarosporaceae, Caliciaceae, Megasporaceae, Ramalinaceae, Parmeliaceae, Teloschistaceae, Candelariaceae, Verrucariaceae, Chrysotrichaceae, Cladoniaceae, Collemataceae, Pannariaceae, Lobariaceae, Graphidaceae, Lichinaceae, Physciaceae, Ophioparmaceae, Koerberiaceae, Umbilicariaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecideaceae, Roccellaceae, Leprocaulaceae, Stereocaulaceae, Obryzaceae, Massalongiaceae, Pilocarpaceae, Nephromataceae, Ochrolechiaceae, Gyalectaceae, Peltigeraceae, Pertusariaceae, Phlyctidaceae, Placynthiaceae, Rhizocarpaceae, Fuscideaceae, Scoliciosporaceae, Catillariaceae, Sphinctrinaceae, Coryneliaceae, Strigulaceae, Mycoblastaceae, Stictidaceae, Trapeliaceae

Spatial coverage

General spatial coverage: Serra de São Mamede Natural Park (PNSSM), Portalegre, Alentejo, Portugal. It is located in central eastern Portugal, along the border with Spain, covering an area of 31,750 ha.
Coordinates: 39°8'20.4''N and 39°24'50.4''N Latitude; 7°28'4.8''W and 7°8'16.8''W Longitude 

Temporal coverage: September 28, 1994 - September 29, 1995

Methods

Method step description: 
- . 	The following steps were performed:
- Data was extracted from the paper regarding the sampling sites and the floristic list, which resulted in two tables: events and occurrences, respectively;
- The original coordinates based in European 1950 UTM system were converted  to decimal degrees, expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates based in WGS84 datum using "MRGS to Lat Long" (http://82.154.207.91:8080/Porbiota_Web_Apps/MGRStoLatLon).
- . 	Some lichen taxa, in the paper with a lozenge immediatelly before the scientific name from "Lista Florística", from Serra de São Mamede Natural Park were not collected  by Palmira Carvalho during her field work, but were examined in herbarium. These taxa (listed below) were not included in the dataset, since it was not possible to make a correlation with the sampling events: 
- Aspicilia recedens (Taylor) Arnold 
- Buellia griseovirens (Sm.) Almb.
- Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) Magnusson 
- Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticilata (Hoffm.) Ahti 
- Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Nimis 
- Cladonia mediterranea Duvig. & des Abb. 
- Cladonia subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. 
- Collema crispum (Hudson) Wigg. 
- Collema cristatum (L.) Wigg. 
- Collema fasciculare (L.) Wigg. 
- Diploschistes ocellatus (Vill.) Norm. 
- Gyalideopsis athaloides (Nyl.) Vezda 
- Leptochidium albociliatum (Desm.) M. Choisy 
- Leptogium microphylloides Nyl. 
- Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. 
- Miriquidica deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold 
- Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy 
- Peltigera didactyla (With.) Laundon 
- Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. 
- Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach. ) Moberg 
- Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg 
- Physcia phaea (Tuck.) Thomson 
- Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt 
- Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm. ) Ach. 
- Thelomma siliceum (Fée) Tibell 
- Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
- . 	Event table: 
- In the term "verbatimElevation" the ca. symbol means 'around'.

Occurrence table:
- In the DwC term "scientificName", the names of the species and their respective authors may have been abbreviated differently from the paper following names as in GBIF;
- In the term "associatedTaxa", whenever possible, was provided the name of the species as a substrate where the lichen was found on. This information was obtained from field observations carried out by Palmira Carvalho also pointed in the term "occurrenceRemarks";
- In the term "dynamicProperties", whenever possible was provided the information that the species was examined in herbarium (material previoulsly collected by C. N. Tavares), also results of phytogeographic analysis and ecological index (hygrophilic and photophilic) of each species. The phytogeographic analysis was based in the method proposed by WIRTH (1980), providing data of the longitudinal and latitudinal variation of the distribution of the species in Europe. 
 The ecological floristic-vegetational data are based on the ecological indices proposed by WIRTH (1980) and NIMIS et al. (1987). 
The different classes are bellow:  

Hygrophilic index (H):
1 - Extremely hygrophilic
2 - Very hygrophilic 
3 - Little hygrophilic 
4 - Mesophilic 
5 - Little xerophytic 
6 - Very xerophytic 

Photophilic index (L):
1 - Very esciophilic 
2 - Little esciophilic 
3 - Moderately esciophilic 
4 - Little photophilic 
5 - Very photophilic
- . 	- In the term "catalogNumber", whenever possible was refered to the catalogue number of the specimens hosted in the LISU collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa.
Study extent description: The study was carried out in 64 locations at Serra de São Mamede Natural Park (Alentejo, Portugal) from September 1994 to September 1995. In this area the altitude of the localities varied between around 300 and 1,000 meters.
Sampling description: The data was obtained from field surveys of the lichen flora carried out on Serra de São Mamede Natural Park. The floristic study consisted of collecting and identifying as many species as possible in each locality, while the vegetation study was based on phytosociological tests carried out according to the methods proposed by BRAUN-BLANQUET (1964). In each locality, different parameters were registered, as following: altitude, exposure, UTM square (1x1 km) and the substrate on which the specimens were collected. 
This study also based on herbarium material, previously collected in the Natural Park by C. N. Tavares and R. T. Palhinha, between 1941 and 1959.
Quality control description: All initial data was inserted in a specific relational database built specifically for the project, which implemented several quality control methods. In the preparation of the dataset for GBIF publication, data consistency was verified using cluster algorithms using OpenRefine.

Datasets

Dataset description
Object name: Darwin Core Archive The Lichen Flora of Serra de São Mamede Natural Park
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/archive.do?r=liquenes_pnssm
Publication date of data: 2021-10-01
Language: Portuguese
Licences of use: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2021-09-01
Hierarchy level: Dataset

References
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