Spiders from Macaronesia_Azores

Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte1, Pedro Cardoso2, Luís Carlos Crespo3, Rosalina Gabriel4, Fernando Pereira5, Rui Carvalho4, Carla Rego4, Rui Nunes4, Maria Teresa Ferreira4, Isabel R. Amorim4, Brent C. Emerson6, François Rigal4, Paulo A. V. Borges4

1 University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13) Helsinki, Finland, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; 2 University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014, Helsinki, Finland; 3 University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; 4 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; 5 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; 6 IPNA-CSIC, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain

Corresponding author(s): Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte (jagoba.malumbres.olarte@gmail.com)Pedro Cardoso (pcardoso@ennor.org)Luís Carlos CrespoRosalina Gabriel (rosalina.ma.gabriel@uac.pt)Fernando PereiraRui CarvalhoCarla RegoRui Nunes (rui.mr.nunes@gmail.com)Maria Teresa FerreiraIsabel R. AmorimBrent C. EmersonFrançois RigalPaulo A. V. Borges (paulo.av.borges@uac.pt)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Resource Citation

Malumbres-Olarte J, Cardoso P, Crespo L C, Gabriel R, Pereira F, Carvalho R, Rego C, Nunes R, Ferreira M T, Amorim I R, C. Emerson B, Rigal F, Borges P A V (2022): Spiders from Macaronesia_Azores. v1.8. Universidade dos Açores. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_macaronesia_azores&v=1.8

Abstract

The data presented here comes from samples collected as part of two recent research projects (ISLANDBIODIV and MACDIV), which aimed to understand the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in ten 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Azorean Islands of Pico (6 plots) and Terceira (10 plots) to assess the diversity of spiders species. Through this publication we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Azores, and more specifically, to that of the islands of Pico and
Terceira. This dataset presents data generated from spider samples collected in 16 forest plots on the Azorean islands of Pico and Terceira. Of the 40 species collected, 16 were introduced, 13 endemic, seven native (five of them Macaronesian endemics) and four undescribed species. Although most of the species had been previously recorded on both islands, two of the introduced species were recorded in Pico for the first time.

Keywords: Sampling event, Arthropoda, Araneae, Azores, Terceira, Pico, native forest, exotic species, standardised sampling, Samplingevent

Project details

Project title: Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesian native forests: The Azores.
Personnel: Paulo A. V. Borges
Funding: FCT-PTDC/BIABIC/0054/2014– MACDIV “Macaronesian Islands as a testing ground to assess biodiversity drivers at multiple scales” (2016-2020)
Study area descriptions/descriptor: Terceira Island (area: 400.6 km²; elevation: 1,021.14 m) is one of the nine islands from the Azores archipelago, located in the North Atlantic, roughly at 38°43′49″N 27°19′10″W. The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with regular and abundant rainfall, with high levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons. Terceira Island is known for the presence of some very important pristine areas at high elevation (Gaspar et al. 2011). However, few natural areas still remain at lower elevations, notably in Praia da Vitória’s council.
Design description: At all plots we applied the optimised and standardised COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol for temperate forests (Cardoso 2009). Different variants of the COBRA protocol for spiders have already been applied in oceanic islands (Emerson et al. 2017) and tropical forests (Malumbres- Olarte et al. 2016, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2017). Although originally developed and
optimised for mainland habitats, COBRA has been recently proposed to be the standard protocol for inventorying and monitoring island forest ecosystems (Borges et al. 2018b).
The COBRA protocol for temperate forest spiders consists of: 4 night aerial samples (1 hour/ sample), 2 day sweeping samples and 2 night sweeping samples (1 hour/ sample), 2 day beating samples and 2 night beating samples (1 hour/ sample) and 12 pitfall samples
(4 traps/ sample). For the island sampling additional samples were added to also cover beetle diversity (Borges et al. 2018b): 2 diurnal active aerial searching under bark, lichens and bryophytes (ABS) (1 hour/ sample) and 2 diurnal active aerial searching in decaying
trunks, dead wood on the ground, and under stones (GWS) (1 hour/ sample). The ABS method consists in collecting mostly beetles, but also spiders, found under bark and lichen using a small hoe to remove them when needed. The GWS method is similar to the aerial
method but directed towards beetles and spiders found below knee-level, including species hidden below stones, inside hollow trunks or in dead wood.

Data published through GBIF: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_macaronesia_azores

Taxonomic coverage

General taxonomic coverage description: Rank: order; Scientific Name: Araneae:  Common Name: Spiders
Taxonomic ranks
Order: Araneae
Common names: Spiders

Spatial coverage

General spatial coverage: Pico and Terceira Islands, the Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal
Coordinates: 38°22'18.51''N and 38°48'50.51''N Latitude; 28°32'52.71''W and 26°57'37.62''W Longitude 

Temporal coverage: June 1, 2012 - September 26, 2016

Natural collections description

Collection name: DTP
Collection identifier: DTP
Specimen preservation method: No treatment

Methods

Method step description: The data has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table (events) contains 121 records and one data table extension also exists (occurrence), with 1639 records. The extension supplies extra information about the core record.
Study extent description: On each of the Azorean islands of Pico and Terceira, we established respectively six and ten 50 m x 50 m plots along a 20 km long transect. In Pico, each plot is located at increasing distances from the first plot: 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 km. All plots were located in native forest dominated by Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica and Ilex perado subsp. azorica trees (see Borges et al. 2018C for more details).
Sampling description: At all plots we applied the optimised and standardised COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol for temperate forests (Cardoso 2009). Different variants of the COBRA protocol for spiders have already been applied in oceanic islands (Emerson et al. 2017) and tropical forests (Malumbres- Olarte et al. 2016, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2017). Although originally developed and
optimised for mainland habitats, COBRA has been recently proposed to be the standard protocol for inventorying and monitoring island forest ecosystems (Borges et al. 2018b).
The COBRA protocol for temperate forest spiders consists of: 4 night aerial samples (1 hour/ sample), 2 day sweeping samples and 2 night sweeping samples (1 hour/ sample), 2 day beating samples and 2 night beating samples (1 hour/ sample) and 12 pitfall samples
(4 traps/ sample). For the island sampling additional samples were added to also cover beetle diversity (Borges et al. 2018b): 2 diurnal active aerial searching under bark, lichens and bryophytes (ABS) (1 hour/ sample) and 2 diurnal active aerial searching in decaying
trunks, dead wood on the ground, and under stones (GWS) (1 hour/ sample). The ABS method consists in collecting mostly beetles, but also spiders, found under bark and lichen using a small hoe to remove them when needed. The GWS method is similar to the aerial
method but directed towards beetles and spiders found below knee-level, including species hidden below stones, inside hollow trunks or in dead wood.
Quality control description: All sorted specimens were identified by a taxonomical expert

Datasets

Dataset description
Object name: Darwin Core Archive Spiders from Macaronesia_Azores
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/archive.do?r=spiders_macaronesia_azores
Publication date of data: 2022-11-05
Language: English
Licences of use: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2018-11-16
Hierarchy level: Dataset