Spiders from Macaronesia_Madeira

Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte1, Mário Boieiro1, Pedro Cardoso2, Rui Carvalho1, Luís Carlos Crespo3, Rosalina Gabriel1, Núria Macías Hernández2, Octávio S. Paulo4, Fernando Pereira5, Carla Rego5, Isamberto Silva6, François Rigal7, Alejandra Ros-Prieto8, Paulo A.V. Borges9, Tainan Messina10

1 Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; 2 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 3 University of Barcelona, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 4 University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, P-1749-016 Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; 5 University of Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; 6 Instituto das Florestas e da Conservação da Natureza, Quinta do Bom Sucesso, Caminho do Meio, 9050-251, Funchal, Portugal; 7 CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR 5254, BP 1155,, 64013 Pau Cedex, Pau, France; 8 University of Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-124, Angra do Heroísmo; 9 University of Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-124, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; 10 , Portugal

Corresponding author(s): Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte (jagoba.malumbres.olarte@gmail.com)Mário Boieiro (mrboieiro@fc.ul.pt)Pedro Cardoso (pcardoso@ennor.org)Rui Carvalho (rui.m.carvalho@gmail.com)Luís Carlos Crespo (luiscarloscrespo@gmail.com)Rosalina Gabriel (rgabriel@uac.pt)Núria Macías Hernández (nemaciash@gmail.com)Octávio S. Paulo (ofpaulo@fc.ul.pt)Fernando Pereira (morcegomaluco@gmail.com)Carla Rego (cjrego@fc.ul.pt)Isamberto SilvaFrançois Rigal (frantz.rigal@hotmail.fr)Alejandra Ros-Prieto (alejandrarosprieto@gmail.com)Paulo A.V. Borges (paulo.av.borges@uac.pt)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Resource Citation

Malumbres-Olarte J, Boieiro M, Cardoso P, Carvalho R, Carlos Crespo L, Gabriel R, Macías Hernández N, S. Paulo O, Pereira F, Rego C, Silva I, Rigal F, Ros-Prieto A, Borges P A (2019): Spiders from Macaronesia_Madeira. v1.7. Universidade dos Açores. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_madeira&v=1.7

Abstract

The data presented here comes from samples collected as part of one recent research project (MACDIV), which aimed to understand the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in twelve 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Madeira Island, five dry plots in Madeira Island and five dry plots in Porto Santo Island to assess the diversity of spiders species. Through this publication we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Madeira archipelago, and more specifically, to that of the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. Of the 87 species and 18 morphospecies (undescribed) collected, 34 were endemic, 26 native non-endemic, 22 introduced and 23 species of unknown origin. Although most of the species had been previously recorded on both islands, 21 species are new records for Madeira island and 32 new for Porto Santo (33 for the whole archipelago).

Keywords: Arthropoda, Araneae, Madeira, Porto Santo, native forest, dry habitat, exotic species, standardised sampling

Project details

Project title: Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia II: Madeira.
Personnel: Paul  Borges
Funding: This research was supported by the project FCT MACDIV financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia – ref. FCT-PTDC/BIABIC/0054/2014, that also supported the Open Access of the manuscript.
Study area descriptions/descriptor: Terceira Island (area: 400.6 km²; elevation: 1,021.14 m) is one of the nine islands from the Azores archipelago, located in the North Atlantic, roughly at 38°43′49″N 27°19′10″W. The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with regular and abundant rainfall, with high levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons. Terceira Island is known for the presence of some very important pristine areas at high elevation (Gaspar et al. 2011). However, few natural areas still remain at lower elevations, notably in Praia da Vitória’s council.
Design description: At all plots we applied the optimised and standardised COBRA  (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol for temperate forests (Cardoso 2009). Different variants of the COBRA protocol for spiders have already been applied in oceanic islands (Emerson et al. 2017) and tropical forests (Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2016, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2017). Although originally developed and optimised for mainland habitats, COBRA has been recently proposed to be the standard protocol for inventorying and monitoring island forest ecosystems (Borges et al. 2018).
The forest COBRA protocol consisted of: four night aerial samples (1 hour / sample), two day sweeping samples and two night sweeping samples (1 hour / sample), two day beating samples and two night beating samples (1 hour / sample) and 12 pitfall samples (4 traps / sample). In addition, we collected the following samples to cover beetle diversity (Borges et al. 2018): two diurnal active aerial searching under bark, lichens and bryophytes (ABS) (1 hour / sample) and two diurnal active aerial searching in decaying trunks, dead wood on the ground and under stones (GWS) (1 hour / sample). The protocol for dry open areas was composed of: four night ground samples (1 hour / sample) and four day sweeping samples and four night sweeping samples (1 hour / sample). Sampling occurred in August 2016 (forest habitat plots of Madeira) and April 2017 (dry habitat plots of Madeira and Porto Santo).

Data published through GBIF: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_madeira

Taxonomic coverage

Taxonomic ranks
Kingdom: Animalia

Taxonomic coverage

Taxonomic ranks
Class: Arachnida

Spatial coverage

General spatial coverage: General spatial coverage: Madeira  and Porto Santo, Macaronesia, Portugal
Coordinates: 90°0'0''S and 90°0'0''N Latitude; 180°0'0''W and 180°0'0''E Longitude 

Natural collections description

Collection name: DTP
Collection identifier: DTP
Specimen preservation method: Alcohol

Methods

Method step description: The data has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 562 records (eventID). One extension data table also exists with 3281 occurrences. The extension supplies extra information about the core record.
Study extent description: We established twenty-two 50 m x 50 m plots grouped according to habitat and between-plot distances. Twelve plots were located in areas covered with laurisilva, and grouped in two sets of six. Within each set, plots were placed at increasing distances from a first, reference plot: 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 km (Fig. 1). The remaining 10 plots were located in areas of open dry habitat, five on Madeira island and five on Porto Santo, also at increasing distances (0.1, 1, 5 and 10 km). This design allowed to test distance decay patterns on beta diversity in a log scale for the MACDIV project.
Sampling description: We applied two versions of the optimised and standardised COBRA protocol (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) (Cardoso 2009), the one for temperate forests and the one for open habitats, to forest and dry habitat plots, respectively. The COBRA protocols have been proposed as part of standard inventorying and monitoring programs on island and continental ecosystems, and have already been used for a number of studies on spiders and beetles (Cardoso 2009, Borges et al. 2018, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2017, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2018). The forest COBRA protocol consisted of: four night aerial samples (1 hour / sample), two day sweeping samples and two night sweeping samples (1 hour / sample), two day beating samples and two night beating samples (1 hour / sample) and 12 pitfall samples (4 traps / sample). In addition, we collected the following samples to cover beetle diversity (Borges et al. 2018): two diurnal active aerial searching under bark, lichens and bryophytes (ABS) (1 hour / sample) and two diurnal active aerial searching in decaying trunks, dead wood on the ground and under stones (GWS) (1 hour / sample). The protocol for dry open areas was composed of: four night ground samples (1 hour / sample) and four day sweeping samples and four night sweeping samples (1 hour / sample). Sampling occurred in August 2016 (forest habitat plots of Madeira) and April 2017 (dry habitat plots of Madeira and Porto Santo).

Datasets

Dataset description
Object name: Darwin Core Archive Spiders from Macaronesia_Madeira
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/archive.do?r=spiders_madeira
Publication date of data: 2019-10-15
Language: English
Licences of use: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2019-08-01
Hierarchy level: Dataset