說明
The hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) is one of the oldest single collections of this family harboured in European museums.
Almost two thousand specimens, that encompass most of the taxonomic range of this family, were collected in the late 19th Century. They were bought from the same provider, mainly as mounted specimens, for a Portuguese private collection that was donated in the 20th Century to the museum that is now MHNC-UP.
The information about these specimens is now available for consultation on the GBIF platform.
資料紀錄
此資源出現紀錄的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 1,335 筆紀錄。
此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。
版本
以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。
如何引用
研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:
Lopes R J, Faria P, Freitas B, Gomes D (2019): The Hummingbird Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP). v1.2. Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP). Dataset/Occurrence. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=mhncup_aves_hummingbirds&v=1.2
權利
研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:
此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP)。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF 註冊
此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 17f6f3d0-b5ef-434b-95a8-cc32d8e5236f。 Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) 發佈此資源，並經由GBIF Portugal同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Occurrence; Specimen; Hummingbirds; Museum; Biodiversity databases
聯絡資訊
- 元數據提供者 ●
- 典藏經理 ●
- 出處 ●
- 連絡人
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-5107
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
地理涵蓋範圍
This collection holds multiple specimens from almost the entire range of hummingbirds in the American Continent, including several islands (e.g., Trinidad and Tobago). This coverage is lower than reality since almost half of the collection is not referenced to country level and precise geographic location is only available for a very small subset. A further issue is the common practice in the 19th Century to provide the name of the capital as the location and it is now difficult to discern specimens that were truly recorded near a capital and those that were not. Although most species have a geographical distribution that range more than one country, for species endemic at the country level, it was possible to increase the precision to the country level.
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [-44.088, -129.023], 緯度北界 經度東界 [47.754, -23.906] |
|---|
分類群涵蓋範圍
Concerning the taxonomic representation, MHNC-UP’s Hummingbird Collection covers all the evolutionary range of this family, including most of the genus, making it valuable for any study pertaining taxonomy, systematics or phylogeny of the Hummingbird family. Also, for more than 15% of the species, the number of specimens is higher than 10.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Apodiformes |
| Family | Trochilidae |
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 1850-01-01 / 1920-01-01 |
|---|
計畫資料
The MHNC-UP bird collection holds a major percentage of the vertebrate specimens in the museum (more than 80% of all specimens), comprising the largest collection of its kind in Portugal (known records for more than 7,000 specimens). The Trochilidae family is the most representative group, since they are more than a seventh of all birds accounted for and hold a considerable number of species, representative of almost all genera of this family. Its value is quite high, given the rarity of the specimens, the ethical and logistics concerns of harvesting more birds. The collection holds several specimens from various species with high conservation status. Several species listed in threatened categories by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) are present in the collection (BirdLife International 2016), including the probably extinct Turquoise-throated Puffleg (Eriocnemis godini). It is only known by six specimens which were collected in the 19th century and all recent surveys failed to find individuals and IUCN believes it may be extinct (BirdLife International 2016). Also of high relevance are the two specimens of the Blue Bearded Helmetcrest (Oxypogon cyanolaemus), a species with a population size lower than 250 individuals, that inhabits high altitude habitats in North Colombia last recorded until recently around 70 years ago.
| 計畫名稱 | The Hummingbird Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) |
|---|---|
| 經費來源 | E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (PORBIOTA) and Research Infrastructure of Scientific Collections (PRISC) |
| 研究區域描述 | Concerning the taxonomic representation, MHNC-UP’s Hummingbird Collection covers all the evolutionary range of this family, including most of the genus, making it valuable for any study pertaining taxonomy, systematics or phylogeny of the Hummingbird family. Also, for more than 15% of the species, the number of specimens is higher than 10. This collection holds multiple specimens from almost the entire range of hummingbirds in the American Continent, including several islands (e.g., Trinidad and Tobago). This coverage is lower than reality since almost half of the collection is not referenced to country level and precise geographic location is only available for a very small subset. A further issue is a common practice in the 19th Century to provide the name of the capital as the location and it is now difficult to discern specimens that were truly recorded near a capital and those that were not. Although most species have a geographical distribution that ranges more than one country, for species endemic at the country level, it was possible to increase the precision to the country level. The temporal range of the records lies between 1850 and 1920. |
| 研究設計描述 | This collection was mainly collected through a French Naturalist supplier (Deyrolle) very well regarded in terms of taxidermy and entomology, since its inception in 1831 (Fox 2012). There is no information regarding the original collectors. One such client of Deyrolle would be José Teixeira da Silva Braga Júnior, who purchased a vast collection of tropical hummingbirds over the years (which are ultimately the subject of this work), and created a museum in the “Palacete Braguinha”, that is now FBAUP (Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto). The collection of hummingbirds of the MHNC-UP was first catalogued after 2005 using a proprietary software (Index Rerum, FCo. São João da Madeira). In 2016-17 the catalogued information was transcribed and revised or updated. |
參與計畫的人員:
取樣方法
This collection was mainly collected through a French Naturalist supplier (Deyrolle) very well regarded in terms of taxidermy and entomology, since its inception in 1831 (Fox 2012). There is no information regarding the original collectors. One such client of Deyrolle would be José Teixeira da Silva Braga Júnior, who purchased a vast collection of tropical hummingbirds over the years (which are ultimately the subject of this work), and created a museum in the “Palacete Braguinha”, that is now FBAUP (Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto). Unfortunately, many rich private collections would not outlive their owners by much, being disbanded, dissolved unto others or simply irreparably lost from lack of preservation or natural disaster. As for institutions, despite their roles of scientific and public education such as our local examples of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto and its Museum, funding was often too scarce to allow the expanding of Natural History collections. However, in a rare stroke of luck, the outstanding collection of the “Museu Silva Braga” was not lost but instead, the legal heirs donated the collection to the Museum that would come nowadays to be known as the MHNC-UP.
| 研究範圍 | This collection holds multiple specimens from almost the entire range of hummingbirds in the American Continent, including several islands (e.g., Trinidad and Tobago). This coverage is lower than reality since almost half of the collection is not referenced to country level and precise geographic location is only available for a very small subset. A further issue is the common practice in the 19th Century to provide the name of the capital as the location and it is now difficult to discern specimens that were truly recorded near a capital and those that were not. Although most species have a geographical distribution that range more than one country, for species endemic at the country level, it was possible to increase the precision to the country level. The temporal range of the records lies between 1850 and 1920. |
|---|---|
| 品質控管 | The priority was to correct taxonomic, geographic and temporal data for each specimen, using validation lists for taxa and locations. For the taxonomic information, we used the BirdLife Checklist, because it matches the species evaluated in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It includes information on the scientific and common names used by BirdLife, the Authority (for the original description of the taxon), BirdLife’s taxonomic treatment (recognised, not recognised or under review), the latest IUCN Red List category (e.g. Extinct, Vulnerable, Least Concern), the (selected) sources that recognize the taxon, the scientific and common names used by these sources, where relevant, a taxonomic note, and a record ID number unique to the taxonomic entity. For locations, following the Named Area Standards recommended by GBIF, it was chosen the ISO3166, a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The digital database was curated following the priorities already defined above. All data was stored in a relational online database. Taxonomic information for each specimen was validated automatically using the Species validation list (described above). When the species name did not match any name in the list, a process of curation was initiated, that relied on several bibliographical sources (de Schauensee and Phelps 1978, Schuchmann 1999, Williamson 2002, Fogden, Taylor, et al. 2014) and internet sources of digital information (e.g. www.avibase.bsc-eoc.org; neotropical.birds.cornell.edu; wikiaves.com.br), to match the old and synonym species names already in the database with the contemporary species name. Geographical information was validated using the location list to the Country level and temporal information was validated to the Decade or Year precision. |
方法步驟描述:
- The process of curation was first started with the establishment of a match between the digital data and the specimen. Then, using archival paper tags, each specimen’s main information (Museum ID, Species ID and other kind of data available) was tagged in the leg. Then, a digital photography was taken, to provide a long-term digital voucher of the specimen.
收藏資料
| 蒐藏名稱 | The Hummingbird Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) |
|---|---|
| 蒐藏編號 | MHNC-UP_AVES_Hummingbirds |
| 上層採集品識別碼 | MHNC-UP_AVES |
| 標本保存方法 | Mounted |
|---|
引用文獻
- Schuchmann K. 1999. Family Trochilidae. In: del Hoyo J, Elliot A, Sargatal J editors. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn Owls to Hummingbirds. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
額外的詮釋資料
| 替代的識別碼 | 17f6f3d0-b5ef-434b-95a8-cc32d8e5236f |
|---|---|
| http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=mhncup_aves_hummingbirds |