Descripción
The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica was introduced on Terceira Island (Azores) early in the 1970s. Mild temperatures, high relative humidity, and heavy rain created the perfect conditions for the beetle's establishment and rapid spread. Despite initial control efforts, the beetle quickly spread to the island's interior agricultural regions and threatened the local plants and horticultural lands. Since 1974, adult populations have been monitored in Terceira Island using pheromone and floral lure traps distributed across the island. The data revealed a distribution pattern across three circular zones with decreasing population densities and a movement of the infestation's central core to the island's interior to more conducive zones for the beetle's development. In 1989, 16 years after the first insects were discovered on the island, the pest had taken over all the available space. A contingency plan was drawn up to establish protective measures to prevent the spread of the Popillia japonica to Madeira and Portugal mainland in 1985 (Decreto Legislativo Regional 11/85/A, de 23 de Agosto). Later, it was actualized to comply with legislation of the European Union (EU), paying particular attention to categorizing this insect as a priority pest. Although these preventive measures were applied, the pest spread to other islands over the years; currently, eight of the nine islands of the Archipelago are infested. Although preventive measures have been applied, the pest has spread to other islands over the years, and currently, eight of the nine islands of the Archipelago are infested. In 1996, the Japanese beetle was detected in Faial; in 2003, on the island of São Miguel; in 2006, in the island of Pico; in 2007, on Flores and São Jorge islands; in 2013, in Corvo; and 2017, in Graciosa. Only Santa Maria has not recorded the pest's presence. The Japanese beetle completes its life cycle in a year, with individuals starting to emerge from the ground at the end of May and reaching their peak densities in early August. The last beetles were seen as late as the end of October. The first and second larval instars typically have a brief lifespan, and by early October, most of the population has reached the third instar. The third instar grubs stop feeding and pupate at the beginning of May. The pupal stage lasts less than a month, and no pupae were seen after late July. Adults eat the foliage, floral parts, and occasionally, the fruits of various agricultural plants and ornamentals. At the same time, the grubs live off the roots of the pastures that make up most of the island. It is important to clarify that the adult beetle pest can damage around 414 host plants belonging to 94 families, which may cause elevated crop damage, which makes this a priority pest to maintain under control. The data presented here is related to the Popillia japonica captured in the Azores from 2008 to 2023, which resulted from the work of the operational services on each island of the Secretaria Regional da Agricultura e Alimentação. It is a compilation of the officials’ records from the local authorities who contributed to this data from their fieldwork monitoring of Popillia japonica during these 16 years
Registros
Los datos en este recurso de registros biológicos han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 95.176 registros.
Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.
Versiones
La siguiente tabla muestra sólo las versiones publicadas del recurso que son de acceso público.
¿Cómo referenciar?
Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:
Teixeira M B, Soares A O, Lamelas-López L, Lopes D H, Mota J A, Borges P A V, Simões N (2024). Monitoring populations of Popillia japonica (Newman, 1838) over 16 years in the Azorean Islands. Version 1.6. Universidade dos Açores. Occurrence dataset. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=popillia_azores&v=1.6
Derechos
Los usuarios deben respetar los siguientes derechos de uso:
El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es Universidade dos Açores. Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución/Reconocimiento (CC-BY 4.0).
Registro GBIF
Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: d946f5cd-70a9-4a0d-84a1-15bab6b2f552. Universidade dos Açores publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por GBIF Portugal.
Palabras clave
Occurrence; Agriculture; Dataset; Japanese beetle; Pest Risk; Pheromones Traps; Popillia japonica; Azore; Observation
Contactos
- Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
- Originador ●
- Punto De Contacto
- Researcher
- Rua Madre de Deus, sn
- Originador
- Auxiliary Professor
- Rua da Mãe de Deus
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-6296
- Originador
- Researcher
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze
- +351926685523
- Originador
- Associate Professor
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze
- +351968933212
- Originador
- Researcher
- Quinta de São Gonçalo
- Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
- Originador ●
- Punto De Contacto
- Associate Professor
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze
- +351968933212
- Originador
- Full Professor
- Rua Madre de Deus, sn
Cobertura geográfica
The Azores archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean (37-40 °N, 25-31 °W), about 1600 km of distance to southern Europe and 2200 km to the northern America. The following delineates the areal extent, maximum altitude, and isolation distance to the near fragment/island of each island: São Miguel, the archipelago's most extensive island, has an area of 757 km² and its topography culminates at an altitude of 1,103 meters above sea level, and its distance to the nearest island of Santa Maria is 97.53 Km. In comparison, the island of Santa Maria has a total land area of 97 km², with its highest geographical point reaching 857 meters. Terceira Island, with a covering area of 402 km², exhibits an elevation of 1,023 meters, and its nearest island (São Jorge) is at 71.67 km of distance. Graciosa, which is relatively smaller, covers an area of 61 square kilometers, with its highest point reaching 402 meters above sea level. It is located 45 km away from the nearest island of São Jorge. São Jorge spans 246 square kilometers and reaches a maximum altitude of 1,053 meters. Its closest neighbor is Pico Island, at 32.42 km. Pico Island, known for housing the highest mountain within Portuguese territory, has an area of 447 square kilometers, and its peak rises to a height of 2,351 meters above sea level. Faial Island, with an area of 173 km², has a top elevation of 1,043 meters and is 34.26 km from Pico Island. Additionally, Flores Island extends across 143 km², and its highest point is 914 meters above the ocean, and the nearest island is Corvo, 30 km away. Corvo, the smallest of the nine islands, has an area of 17 km², and the maximum altitude is 718 meters above sea level. These geospatial metrics define the physical essence of the Azorean archipelago and serve as critical data for ecological, climatological, and geological research actions.
| Coordenadas límite | Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [36,774, -31,399], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [39,96, -24,851] |
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Cobertura taxonómica
General taxonomic coverage description: Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Popillia japonica (Newman, 1838) Common names: Scarab beetle, Japanese Beetle
| Especie | Popillia japonica (Newman, 1838) (Japanese beetle) |
|---|
Cobertura temporal
| Fecha Inicial / Fecha Final | 2008-04-01 / 2023-11-30 |
|---|
Datos del proyecto
A contingency plan was drawn up to establish protective measures to prevent the spread of the Popillia japonica to Madeira and Portugal mainland in 1985 (Decreto Legislativo Regional 11/85/A, de 23 de Agosto). Later, it was actualized to comply with legislation of the European Union (EU), paying particular attention to categorizing this insect as a priority pest. Although these preventive measures were applied, the pest spread to other islands over the years; currently, eight of the nine islands of the Archipelago are infested. Although preventive measures have been applied, the pest has spread to other islands over the years, and currently, eight of the nine islands of the Archipelago are infested. In 1996, the Japanese beetle was detected in Faial; in 2003, on the island of São Miguel; in 2006, in the island of Pico; in 2007, on Flores and São Jorge islands; in 2013, in Corvo; and 2017, in Graciosa. Only Santa Maria has not recorded the pest's presence. The data presented here is related to the Popillia japonica captured in the Azores from 2008 to 2023, which resulted from the work of the operational services on each island of the Secretaria Regional da Agricultura e Alimentação. It is a compilation of the officials’ records from the local authorities who contributed to this data from their fieldwork monitoring of Popillia japonica during these 16 years.
| Título | Monitoring populations of Popillia japonica (Newman, 1838) over 16 years in the Azorean Islands |
|---|---|
| Identificador | POPILLIA -AZORES |
| Fuentes de Financiación | This investigation was supported by the project IPM-Popillia: Integrated Pest Management of the Invasive Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (grant Nr. H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. / ID: 861852). M.T. was hired by the project for a postdoc research fellowship from the IPM-Popillia project. PAVB work was financed by the project Portal da Biodiversidade dos Açores (2022-2023) - PO Azores Project - M1.1.A/INFRAEST CIENT/001/2022 and project FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) The Secretaria Regional da Agricultura e Alimentação, Direção Regional da Agricultura, Direção de Serviços de Agricultura operational services monitor this pest, which is always supported by its own budget. |
| Descripción del área de estudio | The study comprises all nine islands of the Azores archipelago, which is located in the Northern Atlantic Ocean (roughly at 38°43'17''N 27°13'14''W) and is formed by nine islands of volcanic origin and several small islets, divided into three main groups: The Western Group (Flores and Corvo), the Central Group (Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa and Terceira) and the Eastern Group (São Miguel and Santa Maria). The Azores are of volcanic origin and have a mild, oceanic climate with relatively stable temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, occasional rainfall, and the possibility of fog and persistent winds, mainly during winter and autumn. |
| Descripción del diseño | The sampling methods included the installation of numbered traps baited with two different attractant types (pheromone and floral lure). It will use the data obtained from the traps installed from April to November of 2008 to 2023, coinciding with the emergence of the Popillia japonica adults. The traps were monitored weekly, and the trapped Popillia japonica adult specimens were collected and counted. A total of 11897 unique traps were set along the islands over these 16 years, an average of 744 traps per year, and the total captures in the 16 years were 39 862 515 adults in the Azores archipelago. In Corvo, approximately 15 traps were set on average annually, while in Faial, an average of 47 traps per year were set. In Flores, the average was 99 traps per year, while Graciosa saw around 62 traps annually. Pico registered the highest average with 193 traps per year, followed by São Jorge with 108 traps annually. Terceira recorded an average of 88 traps per year, São Miguel had around 98 traps per year, and Santa Maria saw an average of 34 traps per year. The traps contained a capsule with synthetic pheromones and floral attractions that lure the common species of Popillia japonica. The synthetic pheromone active ingredient (R, Z)-5-(l-decenyl) dihydro-2 (3H), mimics the aroma of the female-produced pheromone beetles to attract and catch the male adults. The trap attractant was replaced every five weeks. The specimens of Popillia Japonica were collected from traps weekly in the infested areas and fortnightly in the remaining areas. The collected individuals were identified, and the numbers were recorded by trap number. Besides monitoring, traps were also used to prevent pest spread as a measure of Popillia Japonica control (massive capture) in the most infested places. These traps allowed millions of adults to be caught over the years, lowering, and reducing the spread of the pest and reducing damage to crops and cultures. Additionally, phytosanitary sheet reports were elaborated and provided to technicians and farmers to inform them about pest identity and its population evolution and spread |
Personas asociadas al proyecto:
- Investigador Principal
- Autor
- Autor
- Autor
- Autor
- Autor
- Autor
Métodos de muestreo
The survey of Popillia japonica was conducted through regular weekly observation of the entomological material captured in Ellisco traps. In each trap, a double attractant composed of a capsule of pheromone (sexual attractant) and a diffuser of floral attractant was placed, which was replaced every five weeks. This data set presents the weekly records, which were transformed into monthly results. As a rule, depending on the site's topography, it was sought that the distance between traps was 50-100 meters. The placement of the traps began at the beginning of April so that at the beginning of May when the emergence of the first adults of the beetle could be verified, all the traps would have already been installed in the field. The presence of the traps in the field was maintained till November. At the beginning of April, the laying of the traps began, and they were kept in the field until the end of November. In each trap was placed a double attractant consisting of a pheromone capsule (sexual attraction) and a diffuser of floral attractant, which was replaced every five weeks. When the number of captured insects is very high, the number is calculated indirectly through weighing. The average weight of each adult is often measured, as its value varies with the time of year, the type of vegetables eaten, and the location. The average weight of a Japanese beetle adult for the Azores is 0,085 g.
| Área de Estudio | The study was conducted in the nine islands of the Azores archipelago. The traps were placed in different locations, considering the pest's arrival, and spread. The entrance places like airports and ports were the first places to have traps for monitoring and detecting the entrance of the pest and as a measure of the pest spread. After the pest arrived, several traps were placed near urban places or houses in agricultural areas, including crops and orchard types, such as maize, plum, banana, potato, coffee, chestnut, fig, orange, several citrus, apple, strawberry, vine, olive, and pastures |
|---|---|
| Control de Calidad | All collected individuals were identified by expert taxonomists in the laboratory. |
Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:
- The survey of Popillia Japonica was conducted through weekly regular observation of the entomological material captured in Ellisco traps. In each trap, a double attractant composed of a capsule of pheromone (sexual attractant) and a floral attractant diffuser was placed, which was replaced every five weeks. This dataset presents the weekly records, which were transformed into monthly results. As a rule, depending on the site's topography, it was sought that the distance between traps was 50-100 meters. The traps were placed at the beginning of April so that at the beginning of May when the emergence of the first adults of the beetle could be verified, all the traps would have already been installed in the field. The traps in the field were maintained until the end of November
Metadatos adicionales
| Identificadores alternativos | d946f5cd-70a9-4a0d-84a1-15bab6b2f552 |
|---|---|
| http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=popillia_azores |