説明
The BALA dataset originates from various projects that employed a consistent sampling protocol to collect arthropods in the Azorean archipelago. Specifically, the Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores (BALA) project was initiated to comprehensively survey the invertebrate fauna of the Azores, focusing particularly on endemic arthropod species. The core sampling, conducted in three consecutive phases, targeted the identical 30 sites in a repetitive manner. Nevertheless, during the initial sampling round known as BALA1, spanning from 1997 to 2004, a collaborative endeavor from multiple projects led to the surveying of a total of 100 sites across 18 forest fragments in seven islands. During the subsequent rounds, spanning from 2010 to 2012 (BALA2) and 2021 to 2022 (BALA), only the 30 core sites, out of the original 100 sites, located within 15 fragments were revisited and resampled. Altogether, the collection amasses a total of 266,675 specimens of 543 invertebrate morphospecies (123,446 individuals and 404 species in the core dataset), of which 354 are identified at the species level. Of these species 77 (105,919 individuals) are endemic to the Azores, 97 (97,562 individuals) are native but not endemic, and 146 (32,267 individuals) are exotics.
データ レコード
この sampling event リソース内のデータは、1 つまたは複数のデータ テーブルとして生物多様性データを共有するための標準化された形式であるダーウィン コア アーカイブ (DwC-A) として公開されています。 コア データ テーブルには、10,379 レコードが含まれています。
拡張データ テーブルは1 件存在しています。拡張レコードは、コアのレコードについての追加情報を提供するものです。 各拡張データ テーブル内のレコード数を以下に示します。
この IPT はデータをアーカイブし、データ リポジトリとして機能します。データとリソースのメタデータは、 ダウンロード セクションからダウンロードできます。 バージョン テーブルから公開可能な他のバージョンを閲覧でき、リソースに加えられた変更を知ることができます。
バージョン
次の表は、公にアクセス可能な公開バージョンのリソースのみ表示しています。
引用方法
研究者はこの研究内容を以下のように引用する必要があります。:
Pozsgai G, Lhoumeau S, Amorim I R, Boieiro M, Cardoso P, Ferreira M T, Leite A, Malumbres-Olarte J, Oyarzabal G, Rigal F, Ros-Prieto A, Santos A M C, Gabriel R, Borges P A V (2024). Long-term monitoring of Azorean forest arthropods: the BALA Project (1997-2022). Version 1.0. Universidade dos Açores. Samplingevent dataset. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=bala_arthropods&v=1.0
権利
研究者は権利に関する下記ステートメントを尊重する必要があります。:
パブリッシャーとライセンス保持者権利者は Universidade dos Açores。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF登録
このリソースをはGBIF と登録されており GBIF UUID: 8a4be36d-18cd-484c-b8ce-f67194cf4bacが割り当てられています。 GBIF Portugal によって承認されたデータ パブリッシャーとして GBIF に登録されているUniversidade dos Açores が、このリソースをパブリッシュしました。
キーワード
Occurrence; Arthropods; Azores; Hyper-humid native forest; monitoring; LTER; canopy arthropods; epigean arthropods
連絡先
- 最初のデータ採集者
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6558
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- 最初のデータ採集者
- メタデータ提供者 ●
- 最初のデータ採集者 ●
- 連絡先 ●
- 研究代表者
地理的範囲
In our study, eight islands of the Azorean archipelago, from west to east were sampled: Flores, Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel, and Santa Maria
| 座標（緯度経度） | 南 西 [36.977, -31.193], 北 東 [39.483, -25.087] |
|---|
生物分類学的範囲
All arthropod taxa, with the exclusion of mites (Acari) and Collembola, were collected. Specimens were categorized to morphospecies and, when possible, identified to their respective species or higher taxonomic levels. Due to the difficulty of their identification, Diptera and Hymenoptera (excluding Formicidae) were not separated to morphospecies but kept in the samples
| Phylum | Arthropoda (Arthropods) |
|---|
時間的範囲
| 開始日 / 終了日 | 1997-08-01 / 2022-09-01 |
|---|
プロジェクトデータ
The BALA dataset originates from various projects that employed a consistent sampling protocol to collect arthropods in the Azorean archipelago. Specifically, the Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores (BALA) project was initiated to comprehensively survey the invertebrate fauna of the Azores, focusing particularly on endemic arthropod species. The core sampling, conducted in three consecutive phases, targeted the identical 30 sites in a repetitive manner. Nevertheless, during the initial sampling round known as BALA1, spanning from 1997 to 2004, a collaborative endeavor from multiple projects led to the surveying of a total of 100 sites across 18 forest fragments in seven islands. During the subsequent rounds, spanning from 2010 to 2012 (BALA2) and 2021 to 2022 (BALA), only the 31 core sites, out of the original 100 sites, located within 15 fragments were revisited and resampled.
| タイトル | BALA - Biodiversity of the Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores |
|---|---|
| 識別子 | BALA |
| ファンデイング | This work was funded by the Azorean Direcção Regional dos Recursos Florestais (Azorean Government / project 17.01-080203) during BALA 1; FCT- project PTDC/BIA-BEC/100182/2008 – “Predicting extinctions on islands: a multi-scale assessment” during BALA 2; and (FCT) - MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021), FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the frame of the projects FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and Project LIFE BEETLES (LIFE 18NAT/PT/000864) in BALA 3. Data curation and open Access of this manuscript were supported by the project MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021). |
| Study Area Description | The Azorean archipelago, positioned in the North Atlantic Ocean, comprises nine volcanic islands with a total surface area of 2,346 km2. These islands feature a wet oceanic, mild to warm, subtropical climate, exhibiting moderate variations in both daily and annual temperatures. From a biogeographical perspective, the Azores are part of Macaronesia, characterized by native vegetation that includes hyper-humid Laurisilva forests. Despite their natural heritage, human habitation since the mid-15th century has led to extensive transformation, with the original native forests, which once covered nearly the entire surface of the islands, progressively converted to agricultural cropland, pastures, and settlements. By 1988, when Natural Forest Reserves were established on seven of the nine Azorean islands only 2.5% of the initial native forests remained, existing in isolated fragments. In our study, we sampled eight islands of the Azorean archipelago from west to east: Flores, Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel, and Santa Maria. Notably, Graciosa lacked any pristine areas, leading us to sample secondary forests on this island using the introduced sampling protocol. |
| 研究の意図、目的、背景など（デザイン） | Each site underwent sampling along a 150 m transect, focusing on mapping soil-dwelling fauna through the strategic placement of 30 pitfall traps, each featuring a 5 cm opening diameter, at 5-meter intervals. Out of these traps, 15 were filled with ethylene-glycol as the sampling/preservative liquid, while the remaining 15 alternated with Turquin’s solution. To capture arthropods inhabiting the canopy, the study included sampling the three most prevalent native tree species using a beating technique. |
プロジェクトに携わる要員:
- データ提供者
- 論文著者
- 論文著者
- 論文著者
収集方法
Each site was sampled along a 150 m transect, in which, in order to map soil-dwelling fauna, 30 pitfall traps, each with a 5cm opening diameter, were placed at 5-meter intervals. In 15 traps the sampling/preservative liquid was ethylene-glycol and, in an alternating pattern, the remaining 15 traps employed Turquin’s solution. Additionally, for the purpose of capturing arthropods residing in the canopy, the study also involved the sampling of the three most prevalent native tree species using a beating technique. For a detailed description, readers should consult the works using the BALA protocol (Borges et al., 2005; Ribeiro et al. 2005).
| Study Extent | The foundational dataset comprises 4,929 sampling events conducted along 30 transects, distributed across 15 fragments within native Azorean humid forests spanning seven islands. Sampling activities unfolded over the period from 1997 to 2022, segmented into three comprehensive, multi-year campaigns: BALA1 (1997-2004), BALA2 (2010-2011), and BALA3 (2019-2022). The core dataset specifically includes transects situated in pristine native vegetation, consistently sampled throughout this timeframe. However, the ultimate dataset has been enriched by incorporating data from various projects that adhered to the same methodology for invertebrate sampling across the archipelago. Consequently, the final dataset encompasses information from 124 transects within 27 fragments across eight islands. While the majority of fragments represent primary native forests, the extended dataset also includes data from the early succession of lava flows and secondary forests, particularly on Graciosa island where no native vegetation remains |
|---|---|
| Quality Control | Each sample was meticulously labeled and stored, with archive samples remaining accessible for additional data verification and analysis. While the majority of species identifications were performed by one of the authors (PAV Borges), challenging specimens were referred to expert taxonomists specializing in the respective taxa. Rigorous checks were undertaken to prevent transcription errors, and various tests were executed to detect and address outliers in the data. Furthermore, segments of the dataset have already been utilized in numerous analyses. To ensure accuracy, all names underwent automatic verification against the GBIF Taxonomy Backbone |
Method step description:
- Several taxonomists identified morphospecies from BALA 1, which were fundamental for the success of the project, namely, Artur R.M. Serrano, Arturo Baz, Fernando Ilharco, Henrik Enghoff, Jordi Ribes, Jörg Wunderlich, Luís Carlos Crespo, Margarida T. Pitta, Ole Karsholt, Richard zur Strassen, Virgílio Vieira, Volker Assing, Volker Mahnert and Wolfgang Rücker
コレクションデータ
| コレクション名 | Entomoteca Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) |
|---|---|
| コレクション識別子 | DTP |
| 標本保存方法 | Alcohol |
|---|
書誌情報の引用
- Borges, P.A.V., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Amorim, I.R., André, G., Arraiol, A.,. Baz A., Dinis, F., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Ilharco, F., Mahnert, V., Melo, C., Pereira, F., Quartau, J.A., Ribeiro, S., Ribes, J., Serrano, A.R.M., Sousa, A.B., Strassen, R.Z., Vieira, L., Vieira, V., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005). Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardized sampling of soil epigean arthropods. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 2029-2060 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-004-4283-y
- Ribeiro, S.P., Borges, P.A.V., Gaspar, C., Melo, C., Serrano, A.R.M., Amaral, J., Aguiar, C., André, G. & Quartau, J.A. (2005). Canopy insect herbivores in the Azorean Laurisilva forests: key host plant species in a highly generalist insect community. Ecography, 28: 315-330 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04104.x