說明
The BALA dataset originates from various projects that employed a consistent sampling protocol to collect arthropods in the Azorean archipelago. Specifically, the Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores (BALA) project was initiated to comprehensively survey the invertebrate fauna of the Azores, focusing particularly on endemic arthropod species. The core sampling, conducted in three consecutive phases, targeted the identical 30 sites in a repetitive manner. Nevertheless, during the initial sampling round known as BALA1, spanning from 1997 to 2004, a collaborative endeavor from multiple projects led to the surveying of a total of 100 sites across 18 forest fragments in seven islands. During the subsequent rounds, spanning from 2010 to 2012 (BALA2) and 2021 to 2022 (BALA), only the 30 core sites, out of the original 100 sites, located within 15 fragments were revisited and resampled. Altogether, the collection amasses a total of 266,675 specimens of 543 invertebrate morphospecies (123,446 individuals and 404 species in the core dataset), of which 354 are identified at the species level. Of these species 77 (105,919 individuals) are endemic to the Azores, 97 (97,562 individuals) are native but not endemic, and 146 (32,267 individuals) are exotics.
資料紀錄
此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 10,379 筆紀錄。
亦存在 1 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。
此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。
版本
以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。
如何引用
研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:
Pozsgai G, Lhoumeau S, Amorim I R, Boieiro M, Cardoso P, Ferreira M T, Leite A, Malumbres-Olarte J, Oyarzabal G, Rigal F, Ros-Prieto A, Santos A M C, Gabriel R, Borges P A V (2024). Long-term monitoring of Azorean forest arthropods: the BALA Project (1997-2022). Version 1.0. Universidade dos Açores. Samplingevent dataset. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=bala_arthropods&v=1.0
權利
研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:
此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Universidade dos Açores。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF 註冊
此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 8a4be36d-18cd-484c-b8ce-f67194cf4bac。 Universidade dos Açores 發佈此資源，並經由GBIF Portugal同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Occurrence; Arthropods; Azores; Hyper-humid native forest; monitoring; LTER; canopy arthropods; epigean arthropods
聯絡資訊
- 出處
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6558
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 出處
- 元數據提供者 ●
- 出處 ●
- 連絡人 ●
- 研究主持人
地理涵蓋範圍
In our study, eight islands of the Azorean archipelago, from west to east were sampled: Flores, Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel, and Santa Maria
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [36.977, -31.193], 緯度北界 經度東界 [39.483, -25.087] |
|---|
分類群涵蓋範圍
All arthropod taxa, with the exclusion of mites (Acari) and Collembola, were collected. Specimens were categorized to morphospecies and, when possible, identified to their respective species or higher taxonomic levels. Due to the difficulty of their identification, Diptera and Hymenoptera (excluding Formicidae) were not separated to morphospecies but kept in the samples
| Phylum | Arthropoda (Arthropods) |
|---|
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 1997-08-01 / 2022-09-01 |
|---|
計畫資料
The BALA dataset originates from various projects that employed a consistent sampling protocol to collect arthropods in the Azorean archipelago. Specifically, the Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores (BALA) project was initiated to comprehensively survey the invertebrate fauna of the Azores, focusing particularly on endemic arthropod species. The core sampling, conducted in three consecutive phases, targeted the identical 30 sites in a repetitive manner. Nevertheless, during the initial sampling round known as BALA1, spanning from 1997 to 2004, a collaborative endeavor from multiple projects led to the surveying of a total of 100 sites across 18 forest fragments in seven islands. During the subsequent rounds, spanning from 2010 to 2012 (BALA2) and 2021 to 2022 (BALA), only the 31 core sites, out of the original 100 sites, located within 15 fragments were revisited and resampled.
| 計畫名稱 | BALA - Biodiversity of the Arthropods from the Laurisilva of the Azores |
|---|---|
| 辨識碼 | BALA |
| 經費來源 | This work was funded by the Azorean Direcção Regional dos Recursos Florestais (Azorean Government / project 17.01-080203) during BALA 1; FCT- project PTDC/BIA-BEC/100182/2008 – “Predicting extinctions on islands: a multi-scale assessment” during BALA 2; and (FCT) - MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021), FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the frame of the projects FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and Project LIFE BEETLES (LIFE 18NAT/PT/000864) in BALA 3. Data curation and open Access of this manuscript were supported by the project MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021). |
| 研究區域描述 | The Azorean archipelago, positioned in the North Atlantic Ocean, comprises nine volcanic islands with a total surface area of 2,346 km2. These islands feature a wet oceanic, mild to warm, subtropical climate, exhibiting moderate variations in both daily and annual temperatures. From a biogeographical perspective, the Azores are part of Macaronesia, characterized by native vegetation that includes hyper-humid Laurisilva forests. Despite their natural heritage, human habitation since the mid-15th century has led to extensive transformation, with the original native forests, which once covered nearly the entire surface of the islands, progressively converted to agricultural cropland, pastures, and settlements. By 1988, when Natural Forest Reserves were established on seven of the nine Azorean islands only 2.5% of the initial native forests remained, existing in isolated fragments. In our study, we sampled eight islands of the Azorean archipelago from west to east: Flores, Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel, and Santa Maria. Notably, Graciosa lacked any pristine areas, leading us to sample secondary forests on this island using the introduced sampling protocol. |
| 研究設計描述 | Each site underwent sampling along a 150 m transect, focusing on mapping soil-dwelling fauna through the strategic placement of 30 pitfall traps, each featuring a 5 cm opening diameter, at 5-meter intervals. Out of these traps, 15 were filled with ethylene-glycol as the sampling/preservative liquid, while the remaining 15 alternated with Turquin’s solution. To capture arthropods inhabiting the canopy, the study included sampling the three most prevalent native tree species using a beating technique. |
參與計畫的人員:
- 內容提供者
- 作者
- 作者
- 作者
取樣方法
Each site was sampled along a 150 m transect, in which, in order to map soil-dwelling fauna, 30 pitfall traps, each with a 5cm opening diameter, were placed at 5-meter intervals. In 15 traps the sampling/preservative liquid was ethylene-glycol and, in an alternating pattern, the remaining 15 traps employed Turquin’s solution. Additionally, for the purpose of capturing arthropods residing in the canopy, the study also involved the sampling of the three most prevalent native tree species using a beating technique. For a detailed description, readers should consult the works using the BALA protocol (Borges et al., 2005; Ribeiro et al. 2005).
| 研究範圍 | The foundational dataset comprises 4,929 sampling events conducted along 30 transects, distributed across 15 fragments within native Azorean humid forests spanning seven islands. Sampling activities unfolded over the period from 1997 to 2022, segmented into three comprehensive, multi-year campaigns: BALA1 (1997-2004), BALA2 (2010-2011), and BALA3 (2019-2022). The core dataset specifically includes transects situated in pristine native vegetation, consistently sampled throughout this timeframe. However, the ultimate dataset has been enriched by incorporating data from various projects that adhered to the same methodology for invertebrate sampling across the archipelago. Consequently, the final dataset encompasses information from 124 transects within 27 fragments across eight islands. While the majority of fragments represent primary native forests, the extended dataset also includes data from the early succession of lava flows and secondary forests, particularly on Graciosa island where no native vegetation remains |
|---|---|
| 品質控管 | Each sample was meticulously labeled and stored, with archive samples remaining accessible for additional data verification and analysis. While the majority of species identifications were performed by one of the authors (PAV Borges), challenging specimens were referred to expert taxonomists specializing in the respective taxa. Rigorous checks were undertaken to prevent transcription errors, and various tests were executed to detect and address outliers in the data. Furthermore, segments of the dataset have already been utilized in numerous analyses. To ensure accuracy, all names underwent automatic verification against the GBIF Taxonomy Backbone |
方法步驟描述:
- Several taxonomists identified morphospecies from BALA 1, which were fundamental for the success of the project, namely, Artur R.M. Serrano, Arturo Baz, Fernando Ilharco, Henrik Enghoff, Jordi Ribes, Jörg Wunderlich, Luís Carlos Crespo, Margarida T. Pitta, Ole Karsholt, Richard zur Strassen, Virgílio Vieira, Volker Assing, Volker Mahnert and Wolfgang Rücker
收藏資料
| 蒐藏名稱 | Entomoteca Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) |
|---|---|
| 蒐藏編號 | DTP |
| 標本保存方法 | Alcohol |
|---|
引用文獻
- Borges, P.A.V., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Amorim, I.R., André, G., Arraiol, A.,. Baz A., Dinis, F., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Ilharco, F., Mahnert, V., Melo, C., Pereira, F., Quartau, J.A., Ribeiro, S., Ribes, J., Serrano, A.R.M., Sousa, A.B., Strassen, R.Z., Vieira, L., Vieira, V., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005). Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardized sampling of soil epigean arthropods. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 2029-2060 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-004-4283-y
- Ribeiro, S.P., Borges, P.A.V., Gaspar, C., Melo, C., Serrano, A.R.M., Amaral, J., Aguiar, C., André, G. & Quartau, J.A. (2005). Canopy insect herbivores in the Azorean Laurisilva forests: key host plant species in a highly generalist insect community. Ecography, 28: 315-330 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04104.x