Checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Azores archipelago

Lista de chequeo
Última versión publicado por Universidade dos Açores el mar 23, 2021 Universidade dos Açores
Fecha de publicación:
23 de marzo de 2021
Publicado por:
Universidade dos Açores
Licencia:
CC-BY 4.0

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Descripción

Background The macroalgal flora of the Azores archipelago has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past, the first publications going back to the nineteenth century. Initial studies were mainly taxonomic, resulting in the publication of species lists, which were compiled by Neto (1994) in the first checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae. Later, research directed at the benthic marine macroalgae and littoral communities, encompassing presence and occurrence data recorded at littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m around the islands, has resulted in floristic, taxonomic and ecological publications, academic thesis, and technical reports (see revision in Neto et al. 2014 and Haroun et al. 2019). Most of this recent research also resulted in voucher specimens deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM - Molecular Systematics Laboratory, both at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.

New information A total of 498 taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties and forms) are recorded, comprising 331 Rhodophyta, 75 Chlorophyta 92 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of the 417 likely native taxa, 8 are Azorean endemics (5 Rhodophyta, Lithophyllum azorum Me.Lemoine, Lithophyllum bipartitum Me.Lemoine, Polysiphonia azorica O.C.Schmidt, Polysiphonia hochstetteriana O.C.Schmidt and Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel, and 3 Chlorophyta, Cladophora michalensis O.C.Schmidt, Cladophora theotonii O.C.Schmidt and Cladophora weizenbaurii O.C.Schmidt) and6 are Macaronesian endemics (5 Rhodophyta, Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto, Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun, Meristotheca decumbens Grunow, Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and the Chlorophyta Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt). In addition, about 39 taxa have been introduced (30 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 6 Ochrophyta) and 42 have an uncertain status for the region (27 Rhodophyta, 8 Chlorophyta and 7 Ochrophyta).

Introduction The marine benthic macroalgae of the Azores soon attracted the interest of researchers and naturalists. Research on the subject started in the mid nineteenth century (1838) when Guthnick and the two Hochstetters, father and son, visited the archipelago (Neto 1994). These initial taxonomic studies were followed by several other visitors, including the German botanist Otto Christian Schmidt, who was responsible for the first comprehensive ecological approach to the Azorean algal flora, describing species associations and their spatial organization (Schmidt, 1931). More recently research expanded to include studies on species biology, ecology, and the structure and functioning of intertidal and shallow subtidal communities. The first checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae (Neto, 1994) brought together the resulting floristic information, providing distributional records within the archipelago for the 307 reported species. This checklist was revised by Parente (2010), increasing the number of algae species to 327, but without providing distributional information. A year later Rosas-Alquicira et al. (2011a) published a catalog of non-fossil geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) of the Macaronesia in which they made a critical review of species and infraspecific taxa and an assessment of the species diversity in the region. Investigations on algae biodiversity, biogeography, conservation, ecology, taxonomy and biotechnological applications have continued generating knowledge on the Azorean macroalgae flora, its biotechnological potential and the structure and functioning of littoral communities (see revisions by Neto et al. 2014 and Haroun et al. 2019). The paper by Freitas et al. (2019) compiled the published floristic data, increased the number of macroalgae species recorded for the Azores to 405 and reported that, amongst the mid-Atlantic archipelagos, the Azores is second in species richness after the Canary Islands, with 689 species, and followed by Madeira (396), Cabo Verde (333) and Selvagens (295 species). In the last few years, a major effort, mainly by local research teams, has resulted in several publications on the Azorean benthic macroalgae (see, for example, Patarra et al. 2017, 2019, 2020, Bruno de Sousa et al. 2019, Cacabelos et al. 2019, 2020, Freitas et al. 2019, Kellaris et al. 2019, Martins et al. 2019a, Parente et al. 2019, 2020, Faria et al. 2020a, b, Neto et al. 2020a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 2021a, b, Vieira et al. 2020).

Purpose: The present paper aims to give an updated, systematic review of the red, green and brown benthic marine macroalgae of the Azores, bringing together all the published information to date (including the currently accepted taxon names and all the previous bibliographic records for the region) and compiling general information on each species’ occurrence and distribution in the archipelago. By doing this, it contributes to address several biodiversity shortfalls (see Cardoso et al. 2011, Hortal et al. 2015), namely the need to catalogue the Azorean macroalgae (Linnean shortfall) and to improve current information on their local and regional geographic distribution (Wallacean shortfall). This paper also aims to provide a valuable marine biological tool to aid research on the systematics, diversity and conservation, climate change, which will be of assistance to a wide range of focal groups including academics, students, governments, private organizations and the general public.

Registros

Los datos en este recurso de lista de chequeo han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 1.182 registros.

también existen 1 tablas de datos de extensiones. Un registro en una extensión provee información adicional sobre un registro en el core. El número de registros en cada tabla de datos de la extensión se ilustra a continuación.

Taxon (core)
1182
Distribution 
6866

Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.

Versiones

La siguiente tabla muestra sólo las versiones publicadas del recurso que son de acceso público.

¿Cómo referenciar?

Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:

Neto A I, Moreu I, Cacabelos E, Parente M I (2021): Checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Azores archipelago. v1.1. Universidade dos Açores. Dataset/Checklist. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=chkl_azores_macroalgae&v=1.1

Derechos

Los usuarios deben respetar los siguientes derechos de uso:

El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es Universidade dos Açores. Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución/Reconocimiento (CC-BY 4.0).

Registro GBIF

Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: be414695-e3be-467f-9f61-5ef62484339a.  Universidade dos Açores publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por GBIF Portugal.

Palabras clave

Benthic macroalgae; Azores; checklist; new records; endemism; native; uncertain; introduced.; Globalspeciesdataset

Contactos

Ana Isabel Neto
  • Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
  • Autor ●
  • Originador ●
  • Punto De Contacto
Associate professor with aggregation
Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia and Grupo de Investigação Aquática Insular, IBBC-GBA/cE3c
Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A
9500-321 Ponta Delgada
São Miguel, Açores
PT
+351296650567
http://ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/member/anaisabelneto
http://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-5636
Ignacio Moreu
  • Originador
Researcher
Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia and Grupo de Investigação Aquática Insular, IBBC-GBA/cE3c
Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A
9500-321 Ponta Delgada
São Miguel, Açores
PT
+351296650567
https://ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/member/Ignacio_Moreu_Badia
http://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1225-4668
Eva Cacabelos
  • Originador
Postdoctoral fellow
MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI)
Edif. Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 2, Caminho da Penteada
9020-105 Funchal
Madeira
PT
+351910354122
https://www.mare-centre.pt/pt/user/7945
http://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-6510
Manuela I. Parente
  • Proveedor De Contenido ●
  • Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
  • Originador
Researcher
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores
Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A
9500-321 Ponta Delgada
São Miguel, Açores
+351296650000
https://cibio.up.pt/people/details/macardoso
http://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-7155

Cobertura geográfica

Azores, Portugal (approximately -24°59'17" to -31°17'42" longitude and 36°53'2" to 39°44'13" latitude).

Coordenadas límite Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [36,884, -31,295], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [39,737, -24,988]

Cobertura taxonómica

In total, 498 taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties and forms) are listed belonging to 37 orders and 92 families, distributed among the phyla Rhodophyta (21 orders and 53 families), Chlorophyta (4 orders and 18 families), and Ochrophyta (12 orders and 21 families).

Filo Rhodophyta (Red algae), Chlorophyta (Green algae), Ochrophyta (Brown algae)
Class Bangiophyceae, Florideophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Phaeophyceae

Cobertura temporal

Época de existencia 1838 - 2021

Datos del proyecto

Aimed to improve the knowledge of the benthic macroalgae flora of the Azores, the present publication presents an updated, systematic review of the red, green and brown benthic marine algae of the Azores, using the currently accepted taxon names and including all the previous bibliographic records for the region. Information on each species distribution in each island of the archipelago is also provided.

Título Checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Azores archipelago
Identificador Checklist of the Azorean Benthic Marine Algae
Fuentes de Financiación This study was mainly financed by: o Portuguese National Funds, through FCT – the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, within the projects UID/BIA/00329/2020-2023 and UID/BIA/50027/2019, UID/BIA/50027/2013-2020; o European Regional Development funds ERDF (85%) and regional funds (15%), through the Operational Programme Azores 2020, within the scope of the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072”.
Descripción del área de estudio The Azores archipelago (approximately -24°59'17" to -31°17'42" longitude and 36°53'2" to 39°44'13" latitude), comprises nine volcanic islands and several small islets organised in three separate groups (eastern, central and western), spread over 500 km in a WNW–ESE direction. Emerging from the Azores Plateau, the archipelago is located above an active triple junction between three of the world's largest tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, Hildenbrand et al. 2014). Its climate is influenced by the surrounding ocean and characterised by regular rainfall, medium levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons (Morton et al. 1998). The coastal topology is mainly composed of high, steep cliffs with a variety of stack, arch and gully formations due to the erosion associated with the maritime agitation. With the exception of some sheltered bays, coastal lagoons and harbours, most seashores are subject to swell and surge most of the year (Neto et al. 2005). A few sandy beaches occur in some of the islands (Wallenstein et al. 2009d). The coastal extension is restricted, with deep waters occurring within a few kilometers offshore and th tidal range is small (< 2 m) (Hidrográfico 1981). Intertidal and shallow subtidal communities are primarily dominated by macroalgae. Intertidally there is a predominance of turf forming species that share the rocks with littorinids, chthamalid barnacles and limpets (Wallenstein et al. 2009b). A few frondose algal species occur at the mid-intertidal level (e.g. Fucus spiralis Linnaeus, Gelidium microdon Kützing). The lowest levels, establishing the transition to the subtidal area, are mainly covered by frondose algae (e.g. Gongolaria abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kuntze), Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand, Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders). The rocky bottoms of the adjacent submerged zone are mainly covered by frondose macrophytes (Neto 2001, Wallenstein et al. 2009d) such as the red algae Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan, Ellisolandia elongata, Jania spp., Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon, Pterocladiella capillacea, and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse, and the brown algae Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.De Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux, Dictyota spp., Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, and Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne.
Descripción del diseño The present paper is based on a thorough revision of the available literature (e.g. floristic, taxonomic and ecological publications and academic thesis) which cover the whole floristic information available for the region since 1838.

Personas asociadas al proyecto:

Ana Isabel Neto
  • Autor
http://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-5636
Ignacio Moreu
  • Proveedor De Contenido
http://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1225-4668
Eva Cacabelos
  • Proveedor De Contenido
http://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-6510
Manuela I. Parente
  • Proveedor De Contenido
http://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-7155

Métodos de muestreo

Not aplicable.

Área de Estudio The present publication includes data from all the Azores during the period from 1838 to 2021.
Control de Calidad All data and references were doubled checked by at least two of the authors.

Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:

  1. The systematic list encompasses all records of benthic macroalgae listed for the archipelago of the Azores belonging to the phyla Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Cyanobacteria were not considered because of the scarcity of available data. Systematic arrangement, nomenclature and taxonomic status follow Guiry & Guiry (2021). Orders, families, genera and species are alphabetically arranged within each phylum. For each species references are organized according to the islands where the material was collected. The status of endemic, uncertain or introduced to the region is included when applicable.

Referencias bibliográficas

  1. Abecasis, R. C., Afonso, P., Colaço, A., Longnecker, N., Clifton, J., Schmidt, L. & Santos, R. S., 2015. Marine Conservation in the Azores: Evaluating Marine Protected Area Development in a Remote Island Context. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2: 1–16, doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00104. doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00104
  2. Afonso-Carrillo, J., Rodríguez-Prieto, C., Boisset, F., Sobrino, C., Tittley, I. & Neto, A. I., 2006. Botryocladia chiajeana and Botryocladia macaronesica sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic, with a discussion on the closely related genus Irvinea. Phycologia, 45(3): 277-292.
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