Description
The dataset presented here is the delivery of the European project “Integrated Pest Management of the Invasive Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (IPM-Popillia)”. This project aims to address the challenge of a new risk to plant health in Europe, the invasion of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, and to provide an environmentally friendly IPM-Toolbox to control the pest in infested areas, protecting the agricultural systems and control this pest populations current in expansion across Europe. The present study targets to record, in maize and pasture fields of the Azores, ground arthropods with the potential to be used in futures Integrated Pest Management programs against P. japonica. A sampling program was conducted in two Islands (São Miguel and São Jorge) in the summer of 2022. We provided an inventory of the arthropods recorded in two Azorean agroecosystems (maize and pasture fields) from São Miguel and S. Jorge Islands. A total of ten maize and ten pasture fields were sampled, and a total of 360 pitfall traps were installed, 216 in São Miguel and 144 in São Jorge, for seven consecutive days in August and September of 2022. We collected 18559 specimens belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, four classes, twelve orders, twenty-six families, and forty morphospecies ( two identified at the family level and 38 identified at the species level). We identified only 38 taxa at the species level (n = 18281). Of the 38 identified taxa, 18 species were predators, 15 were plant feeders, and 5 were omnivores. The 18 predators belong to the following families: 10 species were Carabidae, two Staphylinidae, one Anisolabididae, one Chrysopidae, one Leiobunidae, one Nabidae, one Phalangiidae and one Scathophagidae.
Data Records
The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 275 records.
1 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Versions
The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.
How to cite
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Teixeira M B, Soares A O, Calvet M, Peñalver Á, Monteiro H, Frias J, Borges P A V, Simões N (2023): Monitoring ground arthropods in maize and pasture fields of São Miguel and São Jorge Islands: IPM-Popillia Project. v1.3. Universidade dos Açores. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=ipm_popillia_azores&v=1.3
Rights
Researchers should respect the following rights statement:
The publisher and rights holder of this work is Universidade dos Açores. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 0a06ebda-274b-4cd7-bb13-ce449f56bb80. Universidade dos Açores publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Portugal.
Keywords
Samplingevent; Ground arthropods; Azores; Maize; Pasture; Pitfall traps; Beetles; Spiders; Popillia japonica
Contacts
- Content Provider ●
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- Originator ●
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- Originator
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-6296
- Originator
- Originator
- Originator
- Originator
- Point Of Contact
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Geographic Coverage
The study was conducted on São Miguel and São Jorge, two islands of the Archipelago of the Azores (North Atlantic). São Miguel Island is situated in the oriental group (37.780411, -25.497047) and is the largest island of the archipelago with 746.8 km² and a maximum altitude above sea level of 1103 meters. São Jorge Island is situated in the central group (38.627778, -28.017222) and is the fourth largest island of the archipelago with 245.8 km² and a maximum altitude above sea level of 1053 meters
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [37.71, -28.328], North East [38.78, -25.123] |
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Taxonomic Coverage
The following phylum, classes, and orders are covered in this study, although our scientific focus is the phylum of Arthropoda. Phylum Arthropoda: Arachnida: Opiliones; Diplopoda: Julida, Polydesmida; Insecta: Archaeognatha, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera; Malacostraca: Amphipoda, Isopoda. Phylum Platyhelminthes
| Phylum | Arthropoda (Arthropods) |
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Temporal Coverage
| Start Date / End Date | 2020-08-20 / 2022-09-20 |
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Project Data
The dataset here presented are a delivery of the European project “Integrated Pest Management of the invasive Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (IPM-Popillia)”. This project aims to address the challenge of a new risk to plant health in Europe, the invasion of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica and to provide an environmentally friendly IPM-Toolbox to control the pest in infested areas, protecting the agricultural systems and to control this pest populations current in expansion across Europe. The present study targets to record, in maize and pasture fields of the Azores, ground arthropods with the potential to be used in futures Integrated Pest Management programs against P. japonica. A sampling program was carried out in two Islands (São Miguel and São Jorge), in the summer of 2022. A total of 10 maize and 10 pasture fields were sampled and a total of 360 pitfall traps were installed, 216 in São Miguel and 144 in São Jorge for consecutive 7 days.
| Title | IPM-Popillia: Integrated Pest Management of the Invasive Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica |
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| Identifier | IPM-Popillia |
| Funding | This investigation was supported by the project IPM-Popillia: Integrated Pest Management of the Invasive Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (grant Nr. H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. / ID: 861852). M.T. and A.P. were hired by the project, and J.F. received a research fellowship from the IPM-Popillia project. H.M. is a CBA center researcher financed by Pluriannual FCT -IP — Programmatic Component — Ref. UIDP/05292/2020. The student M.C. collaborates with the project under the Erasmus+ mobility for Traineeships program from the University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Spain. PAVB work was financed by the project Portal da Biodiversidade dos Açores (2022-2023) - PO Azores Project - M1.1.A/INFRAEST CIENT/001/2022. |
| Study Area Description | The study was conducted on São Miguel and São Jorge, two islands of the Archipelago of the Azores (North Atlantic). The Azores are of volcanic origin and have a mild, oceanic climate with relatively stable temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, occasional rainfall, and the possibility of fog and persistent winds, mainly during winter and autumn. São Miguel is situated in the oriental group (37.780411, -25.497047) and is the largest archipelago island with 746.8 km² and a maximum altitude above sea level of 1103 meters. São Jorge is situated in the central group (38.627778, -28.017222) and is the fourth largest island of the archipelago with 245.8 km² and a maximum altitude above sea level of 1053 meters. |
| Design Description | We sampled ground arthropods on maize fields with plants in a phenological stage of grain-filling and on intensive pastures fields mainly composed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorm L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The sampling program was conducted during the summer of 2022 in the months of August and September. The traps were installed for seven consecutive days, a period during which adults of P. japonica have the highest reproductive activity, including egg laying into the soil. During this period, we can find eggs and 1º instar larvae in the soil and, thus, the most suitable season to record potential ground natural enemies of P. japonica. A total of 20 fields were sampled, six maize fields and six pasture fields for São Miguel Island, and four maize fields and four pasture fields for São Jorge Island. A total of 360 pitfall traps were installed, 216 in São Miguel and 144 in São Jorge. Pitfall traps, consisting of standard 390 ml plastic cups, were partially filled with propylene glycol to preserve the insects and spiders. Pitfall traps were set at the soil level to allow crawling insects to fall into the propylene glycol. The collected insects were sorted and posteriorly in the laboratory and identified by an expert taxonomist (PAVB). |
The personnel involved in the project:
- Curator
- Author
- Author
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- Author
Sampling Methods
Pitfall traps were used to sample the taxonomic and functional arthropod biodiversity by collecting predatory spiders, true bugs, ants, beetles, worms, and other epigean insects, on two agricultural habitats, maize and pasture fields of São Miguel and São Jorge Islands. Pitfall traps used consisted of standard 390 ml plastic cups, partially filled with propylene glycol, and deployed for seven consecutive days. Specimens collected were then transferred to ethanol (96%) and stored at -20 ºC. Paulo A.V. Borges and Mário Teixeira identified specimens based on the Azorean arthropods collection from “Portal da Biodiversidade dos Açores, University of the Azores” led by Professor Paulo A.V. Borges. The study was conducted in a total of 20 fields, twelve fields sampled in São Miguel, 6 in maize fields, and six in pasture fields. For São Jorge, we sampled eight fields, four maize fields, and four pasture fields. A total of 18 pitfall traps were deployed along three transects from the point closest to the crop entrance in each field. The transects were 25 meters long, spaced 20 meters between them, and each transect contained six pitfalls traps spaced by 5 meters each. Pitfall traps were set from one of the stone walls or side of the fields into the center of the field to capture insects from the edges to the center of the field. The aim of the study was to record ground arthropods as potential predators of P. japonica. Pitfall traps used consisted of standard 390 ml plastic cups, about 12 cm deep, 8 cm diameter at the top, and partially filled with propylene glycol. Traps were protected from predation, inundation with rainwater, and unwanted vertebrate capture (i.e., reptiles) using plastic plates sitting on wooden skewers 2 cm above the ground surface. As the traps are sometimes fragile, two cups could be used per trap, one placed inside the other. A total of 216 pitfall traps were installed on the 12 fields of São Miguel Island, 108 in maize fields and 108 in pasture fields. In São Jorge, a total of 144 pitfall traps were deployed, 72 in maize fields and 72 in pasture fields. After the seven days of sampling for São Miguel, the number of pitfalls successfully recovered was 195 pitfalls, 102 in maize fields and 93 in pastures. For São Jorge, we recovered 80 pitfalls, 37 from maize fields and 43 from pasture fields.
| Study Extent | The study was conducted in a total of 20 fields, twelve fields sampled in São Miguel, six in maize fields, and six in pasture fields. For São Jorge, we sampled eight fields, four maize fields, and four pasture fields. A total of 18 pitfall traps were installed along three transects from the point closest to the crop entrance. The transects were 25 meters long, spaced 20 meters between them, and each transect contained six pitfalls traps spaced by 5 meters each. Pitfall traps were set from one of the stone walls or side of the fields into the center of the field to capture insects from the edges to the center of the field. |
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| Quality Control | After collection, specimens were stored in alcohol (96%) before sorting at -20 ºC. Specimens, adults, and larvae were sorted in a laboratory by Mário Teixeira and Mar Calvet and organized the collection in a system of morphospecies. |
Method step description:
- Final identification was done by Paulo A.V. Borges.
Collection Data
| Collection Name | IPM-Popillia Artropods collection 2022. (IPMPopillia_SM_SJ_2022) |
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| Collection Identifier | IPMPopillia_SM_SJ_2022 |
| Specimen preservation methods | Alcohol |
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Additional Metadata
| Alternative Identifiers | 0a06ebda-274b-4cd7-bb13-ce449f56bb80 |
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| http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=ipm_popillia_azores |