Description
The data presented here originated from field expeditions carried out between 2017 and 2018, within the framework of Forest-Eco2 project: Towards an Ecological and Economic valorisation of the Azorean Forest. The project aimed to quantify the ecological value of the Azorean forests, including carbon accumulation, and to design and propose measures that could further enhance forest sustainably. For that, 90 forest plots were sampled on three Azores islands - São Miguel, Terceira and Pico - equally distributed into natural forest, exotic woodland and production forest. The aim of this report is to further expand knowledge on biodiversity trends enclosed in the different forest types present in the Azores, by providing a list of the occurrences of the 105 different vascular plant taxa together with a brief characterization of their origin and life-form.
Data Records
The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 90 records.
1 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Versions
The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.
How to cite
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Borges Silva L, Madeira P, Cláudio Pavão D, Bento Elias R, Moura M, Silva L (2023): Vascular plant taxa occurrences in exotic woodland and in natural and production forests on the islands of São Miguel, Terceira, and Pico (Azores). v1.2. Universidade dos Açores. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=plants-azo-foresteco2&v=1.2
Rights
Researchers should respect the following rights statement:
The publisher and rights holder of this work is Universidade dos Açores. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 158e0f0d-26e3-4883-bf5e-6040c1bb1ff4. Universidade dos Açores publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Portugal.
Keywords
Azores; islands; Plantae; endemic; native; exotic woodland; natural forest; production forest; Magnoliophyta; Magnoliopsida; Liliopsida; Lycopodiophyta; Pinophyta; Pteridophyta; occurrences.
Contacts
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Geographic Coverage
São Miguel, Terceira e Pico islands, in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal). Coordinates: São Miguel: 37°55'45.6''N and 37°42'22.8''N Latitude; 25°53'28.2''W and 25°0'27.6''W Longitude Terceira: 38°38'16.8''N and 38°48'50.4''N Latitude; 27°23'38.4''W and 27°0'54''W Longitude Pico: 38°34'53''N and 38°21'48''N Latitude; 28°33'40''W and 28°0'14.9''W Longitude
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [37.675, -28.575], North East [38.84, -25.104] |
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Taxonomic Coverage
The dataset covers Kingdom Plantae and the following phyla and classes: Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida; Magnoliopsida Pinophyta: Pinopsida Pteridophyta: Polypodiopsida Lycopodiophyta: Lycopodiopsida; Selaginellopsida.
| Kingdom | Plantae |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Magnoliophyta, Pinophyta, Pteridophyta, Lycopodiophyta |
Temporal Coverage
| Start Date / End Date | 2017-04-09 / 2018-07-27 |
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Project Data
This work is under scope of the Foresteco2 Project (Towards an Ecological and Economic valorization of the Azorean Forest), during 2016-2019 aiming to determine the ecosystem services associated with Azorean Forests (Borges Silva et al. 2022). The purpose of this paper was to publish a dataset of vascular plant occurrence in three forest types (NF-Natural Forest, EW-Exotic Woodland and PF-Production Forest) on three islands of the Azores archipelago (São Miguel, Terceira and Pico), already published in GBIF as a Darwin Core Archive.
| Title | Vascular plant taxa occurrences in exotic woodland and in natural and production forests on the islands of São Miguel, Terceira, and Pico (Azores) |
|---|---|
| Identifier | ForestEco2-Azores |
| Funding | This work was funded by: i) Project FOREST-ECO2-Towards an Ecological and economic valorization of the Azorean Forest ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000014-Azores 2020 PO, 2016–2019; ii) FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE, iii) by PO Azores Project “Portal da Biodiversidade dos Açores” - M1.1.A/INFRAEST CIENT/001/2022; and iv) by National Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the UID/BIA/50027/2019 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821. |
| Study Area Description | The Azores archipelago is situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, between North America and Europe, about 1500 km west of mainland Portugal, roughly at 38°44'52''N 31°32'16''W and 38°55'27''N 25°0'36''W. Within the archipelago, the study area comprises forests located in the three largest islands: São Miguel, Terceira, and Pico. The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with regular and abundant rainfall, high levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during winter and autumn (Azevedo et al. 2004). The landscape of the islands is composed by a mosaic of habitats, ranging from herbaceous to arboreal and from natural to anthropogenic (Silva et al. 2008, Soares et al. 2021). |
| Design Description | A total of 90 forests were sampled, with 30 plots per island. Surveys took place in spring and summer of 2017 (São Miguel and Terceira islands) and 2018 (São Miguel and Pico islands), for a period of 8 months (4 months per year), corresponding to a total of 240 days. Study areas were delimited using a geographic information system (GIS; QGis 3.28) to map and select forest stands, based on the data provided by the Azorean Forest Inventory (DRRF 2007) (see Borges Silva et al. 2022a, Fig. 2). |
The personnel involved in the project:
Sampling Methods
A total of 90 forest stands were randomly sampled, 30 in each of the three selected islands São Miguel, Terceira and Pico (10 NF, 10 EW and 10 PF). At each forest we delimited a 10 × 10 m (100 m2) plot and recorded the vascular plant taxa. To quantify the cover-abundance of each taxon, we used Braun Blanquet scale modified by Van der Maarel (1979).
| Study Extent | Three types of vegetation were included (Borges Silva et al. 2022a): (i) Natural forest, corresponding to submontane and montane cloud forests (Elias et al. 2016). Its distribution in the Azores evolved in unique conditions, due to a pronounced isolation, relatively homogeneous climatic conditions, and a limited number of native woody species but high plant biodiversity and a high number of endemic species, which are dominated by Ilex azorica Gand., Juniperus brevifolia (Hochst. ex Seub.) Antoine, Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco, Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur, and Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl (Dias et al. 2007, Elias and Dias 2008, Silva et al. 2010, Pavão et al. 2022,2023a,b); ii) Exotic woodland, located at lower to mid-elevations and dominated by P.undulatum covering more than 30% of the forest area, which expanded from sea level up to 600 m (Borges Silva 2017,2018,2022a, Dutra Silva et al. 2017a,b,2019); iii) Production forest, dominated by C. japonica, occupying 60% of the area dedicated to this type of forest, the most economically important forestry species in the Azores and with an important impact on the landscape (DRRF 2007, 2014, Lourenço et al. 2011, Borges Silva et al. 2022a). |
|---|---|
| Quality Control | Specimens representing most of the inventoried species, were collected in the field, following standard herbarium techniques, and then deposited in the Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, University of the Azores (AZB). All sampled individuals were sorted by trained taxonomists. Taxonomic nomenclature obtained from: Seubert and Hochstetter (1843), Seubert (1844), Dröuet (1866), Trelease (1897), Cedercreutz (1941), Palhinha (1966), Sjögren (1973), Tutin et al. (1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980), Franco (1971, 1984), Franco and Afonso (1994, 1998), Valdés et al. (1987), Press and Short (1994), Fernandes and Fernandes (1980, 1983, 1987), Schaefer (2002, 2003, 2005a,b), Silva et al. (2010) and Vieira et al. (2020). In terms of species colonisation status, we followed Silva et al. 2010 categories: Azorean endemic species, i.e. species (or subspecies) occurring only in the Azores, as a result of either speciation events (neo-endemics) or extinct of the mainland populations (paleo-endemics); Macaronesian endemic species, i.e. species only known from the Macaronesian archipelagos (the Azores, Madeira, Canaries and Cape Verde); Native species, i.e. species which arrived by long-distance dispersal to the Azores and which also occur naturally elsewhere. Regarding Introduced species, that occur in the archipelago as a result of human activities, we distinguished two groups, Naturalized, with self-supporting populations, and Casual, occasionally escaped from cultivation. The biogeographic and historic criteria used to classify taxa as non-indigenous were adapted from Silva et al. (2000): (i) classified as such by several authors from the 19th century; (ii) first record in the last 100 years; (iii) distribution restricted to a reduced number of islands; (iv) record of a recent (last 100 years) extension of the distribution in the Azores; (v) absence in other Macaronesian islands; (vi) disjunct distribution; (vii) anthropochoric taxa - only casual in the native vegetation. These criteria were applied after exclusion of endemic taxa. Database queries allowed the determination of the taxa number in each category, globally, and specifically for the Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Pinophyta, Pteridophyta and Lycopodiophyta (Silva and Smith 2004). |
Method step description:
- The dataset submitted to GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) is structured as a sample event dataset, with two tables: event (as core) and occurrences. The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwCA), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 105 records (eventID) and 1150 records (occurrenceID). One extension data table also exists. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated in the IPT (integrated publishing toolkit) link. This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for downloading in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Bibliographic Citations
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Additional Metadata
| Alternative Identifiers | https://www.gbif.org/dataset/158e0f0d-26e3-4883-bf5e-6040c1bb1ff4 |
|---|---|
| 158e0f0d-26e3-4883-bf5e-6040c1bb1ff4 | |
| http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=plants-azo-foresteco2 |