Описание
Azorean biodiversity has become relatively well understood thanks to significant scientific contributions over the past three decades. This research has produced a comprehensive arthropod species checklist for the archipelago, greatly advancing knowledge of species abundance, ecology, and distribution. It has also informed conservation management and research priorities. However, a key functional group—pollinators—remains poorly studied in the Azores. Little is known about their presence across various habitats and islands in the archipelago. Insect pollinators are essential for maintaining ecological balance and provide invaluable ecosystem services, making it crucial to gather basic data on their abundance, distribution, and ecology, as well as insights into the status of their populations. Such information is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. Additionally, island ecosystems are increasingly impacted by land use changes, climate change, and the introduction of alien species, highlighting an urgent need to assess how these pressures affect pollinators and the process of pollination across the Azores. Here, we present an inventory of pollinator species found across various habitat types on Terceira, covering a gradient of disturbance across 30 sites distributed throughout the island. We identified 2,549 pollinators representing 40 species, primarily from the Diptera and Hymenoptera orders, and recorded new information on species distribution and ecological associations. Many of the taxa are native, including three Azorean endemics, although 14 species are alien to the archipelago. Notably, our use of standardized sampling techniques enabled a comparative analysis of their effectiveness, and, more importantly, the data collected will aid in assessing the impacts of human activities on pollinator abundance and diversity, supporting informed habitat management decisions for pollinator conservation in the Azores.
Записи данных
Данные этого sampling event ресурса были опубликованы в виде Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), который является стандартным форматом для обмена данными о биоразнообразии в виде набора из одной или нескольких таблиц. Основная таблица данных содержит 137 записей.
Также в наличии 1 таблиц с данными расширений. Записи расширений содержат дополнительную информацию об основной записи. Число записей в каждой таблице данных расширения показано ниже.
Данный экземпляр IPT архивирует данные и таким образом служит хранилищем данных. Данные и метаданные ресурсов доступны для скачивания в разделе Загрузки. В таблице версий перечислены другие версии ресурса, которые были доступны публично, что позволяет отслеживать изменения, внесенные в ресурс с течением времени.
Версии
В таблице ниже указаны только опубликованные версии ресурса, которые доступны для свободного скачивания.
Как оформить ссылку
Исследователи должны дать ссылку на эту работу следующим образом:
Boieiro M, Oliveira R, Costa R, Borges P A V (2024). Unveiling Azorean Pollinators: A Critical Step for Biodiversity and Conservation. Version 1.0. Universidade dos Açores. Samplingevent dataset. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=pollinators_terceira&v=1.0
Права
Исследователи должны соблюдать следующие права:
Публикующей организацией и владельцем прав на данную работу является Universidade dos Açores. Эта работа находится под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0).
Регистрация в GBIF
Этот ресурс был зарегистрирован в GBIF, ему был присвоен следующий UUID: db765f95-20f4-49ef-8fe4-b57228200a2e. Universidade dos Açores отвечает за публикацию этого ресурса, и зарегистрирован в GBIF как издатель данных при оподдержке GBIF Portugal.
Ключевые слова
Occurrence; alien species; flower visitors; island biodiversity; island endemics; generalist species; Macaronesia; pastures; Specimen
Контакты
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- Originator ●
- Point Of Contact
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-091X
- Originator
- Originator
- Content Provider ●
- Metadata Provider ●
- Originator ●
- Point Of Contact
Географический охват
The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal)
| Ограничивающие координаты | Юг Запад [38,613, -27,383], Север Восток [38,814, -27,021] |
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Таксономический охват
The study targeted the local flower visitors, specifically the insect groups often considered to be the most important pollinators, like bees, bumblebees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and larger-size flies (Diptera). Other arthropod groups are also included as bycatch.
| Phylum | Arthropoda (artropods) |
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| Order | Hymenoptera (bees, bumblebees, ants and wasps), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Diptera (flies) |
Временной охват
| Дата начала / Дата окончания | 2023-07-26 / 2023-09-07 |
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Данные проекта
Here, we present an inventory of pollinator species found across various habitat types on Terceira, covering a gradient of disturbance across 30 sites distributed throughout the island. We identified 2,549 pollinators representing 40 species, primarily from the Diptera and Hymenoptera orders, and recorded new information on species distribution and ecological associations. Many of the taxa are native, including three Azorean endemics, although 14 species are alien to the archipelago. Notably, our use of standardized sampling techniques enabled a comparative analysis of their effectiveness, and, more importantly, the data collected will aid in assessing the impacts of human activities on pollinator abundance and diversity, supporting informed habitat management decisions for pollinator conservation in the Azores
| Название | Pollinator abundance and diversity in different habitat-types of Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) |
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| Идентификатор | POLLINET_TERCEIRA |
| Финансирование | Main funding for research and fieldwork was obtained from FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024). Data curation and open access of this manuscript were supported by the project: FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020. |
| Описание района исследования | The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) and covered three different habitat-types of this island (intensive pastures, semi-natural pastures and naturalized vegetation). The different habitat-types correspond to a gradient of human disturbance from intensive pastures (most disturbed) to naturalized vegetation (less disturbed). Thirty sampling sites (10 per habitat-type) were selected throughout the island to sample the pollinators. |
| Описание плана выполнения исследований | In this study, we employed three sampling techniques: observing pollinators along 50-meter linear transects, pan trapping, and vegetation sweeping. Sampling was conducted across the 30 study sites on sunny or partly cloudy days, with no rain and minimal wind, as these conditions are optimal for observing pollinators. |
Исполнители проекта:
- Author
- Author
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Методы сбора
Transect sampling was conducted along 50-meter linear transects, 2 meters wide (100 m² per site), between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Each transect was walked at a consistent pace, and pollinators found on flowers or in flight were identified on the spot whenever possible. If identification to species level was not feasible in the field, specimens were captured for taxonomic confirmation in the laboratory. Pan trapping involved placing two sets of traps at each site, approximately 50 meters apart—one at the start and the other at the end of each transect. Pan traps, designed to attract and capture pollinators, are colored to appeal to different groups and were active during peak insect activity. Each set consisted of three plastic containers (11 cm in diameter) in blue, white, and yellow to optimize capture diversity. Traps were filled with water mixed with a few drops of detergent and positioned at the average flower height at each site. They remained in place from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., after which insects were collected and transported to the laboratory. Vegetation sweeping was conducted along the same 50-meter transects using a 36 cm diameter entomological net, allowing for the collection of cryptic pollinator species. This technique was applied at all transect sampling sites. Collected insects were placed in vials containing 96% ethanol for later identification in the laboratory
| Охват исследования | The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) and covered three different habitat-types of this island (intensive pastures, semi-natural pastures and naturalized vegetation). The different habitat-types correspond to a gradient of human disturbance from intensive pastures (most disturbed) to naturalized vegetation (less disturbed). Thirty sampling sites (10 per habitat-type) were selected throughout the island to sample the pollinators |
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| Контроль качества | During transect sampling many individuals (e.g. butterflies and hoverflies) were identified to species level on the spot due to their characteristic morphological features. However, most individuals were collected with the help of an entomological net, labelled and stored in vials with ethanol (96%). |
Описание этапа методики:
- The samples with specimens collected in pan traps and captured by sweeping were labelled, stored in vials with ethanol and transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the specimens of the target groups were sorted and identified to species level with the help of a stereomicroscope (Leica S9i) and using specific literature.
Данные коллекции
| Название коллекции | Entomoteca Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) |
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| Идентификатор коллекции | DTP |
| Методы сохранения образцов | Alcohol, Dried |
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Дополнительные метаданные
| Альтернативные идентификаторы | http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=pollinators_terceira |
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