說明
Azorean biodiversity has become relatively well understood thanks to significant scientific contributions over the past three decades. This research has produced a comprehensive arthropod species checklist for the archipelago, greatly advancing knowledge of species abundance, ecology, and distribution. It has also informed conservation management and research priorities. However, a key functional group—pollinators—remains poorly studied in the Azores. Little is known about their presence across various habitats and islands in the archipelago. Insect pollinators are essential for maintaining ecological balance and provide invaluable ecosystem services, making it crucial to gather basic data on their abundance, distribution, and ecology, as well as insights into the status of their populations. Such information is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. Additionally, island ecosystems are increasingly impacted by land use changes, climate change, and the introduction of alien species, highlighting an urgent need to assess how these pressures affect pollinators and the process of pollination across the Azores. Here, we present an inventory of pollinator species found across various habitat types on Terceira, covering a gradient of disturbance across 30 sites distributed throughout the island. We identified 2,549 pollinators representing 40 species, primarily from the Diptera and Hymenoptera orders, and recorded new information on species distribution and ecological associations. Many of the taxa are native, including three Azorean endemics, although 14 species are alien to the archipelago. Notably, our use of standardized sampling techniques enabled a comparative analysis of their effectiveness, and, more importantly, the data collected will aid in assessing the impacts of human activities on pollinator abundance and diversity, supporting informed habitat management decisions for pollinator conservation in the Azores.
資料紀錄
此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 137 筆紀錄。
亦存在 1 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。
此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。
版本
以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。
如何引用
研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:
Boieiro M, Oliveira R, Costa R, Borges P A V (2024). Unveiling Azorean Pollinators: A Critical Step for Biodiversity and Conservation. Version 1.0. Universidade dos Açores. Samplingevent dataset. http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=pollinators_terceira&v=1.0
權利
研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:
此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Universidade dos Açores。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF 註冊
此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: db765f95-20f4-49ef-8fe4-b57228200a2e。 Universidade dos Açores 發佈此資源，並經由GBIF Portugal同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Occurrence; alien species; flower visitors; island biodiversity; island endemics; generalist species; Macaronesia; pastures; Specimen
聯絡資訊
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-091X
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地理涵蓋範圍
The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal)
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [38.613, -27.383], 緯度北界 經度東界 [38.814, -27.021] |
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分類群涵蓋範圍
The study targeted the local flower visitors, specifically the insect groups often considered to be the most important pollinators, like bees, bumblebees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and larger-size flies (Diptera). Other arthropod groups are also included as bycatch.
| Phylum | Arthropoda (artropods) |
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| Order | Hymenoptera (bees, bumblebees, ants and wasps), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Diptera (flies) |
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 2023-07-26 / 2023-09-07 |
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計畫資料
Here, we present an inventory of pollinator species found across various habitat types on Terceira, covering a gradient of disturbance across 30 sites distributed throughout the island. We identified 2,549 pollinators representing 40 species, primarily from the Diptera and Hymenoptera orders, and recorded new information on species distribution and ecological associations. Many of the taxa are native, including three Azorean endemics, although 14 species are alien to the archipelago. Notably, our use of standardized sampling techniques enabled a comparative analysis of their effectiveness, and, more importantly, the data collected will aid in assessing the impacts of human activities on pollinator abundance and diversity, supporting informed habitat management decisions for pollinator conservation in the Azores
| 計畫名稱 | Pollinator abundance and diversity in different habitat-types of Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) |
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| 辨識碼 | POLLINET_TERCEIRA |
| 經費來源 | Main funding for research and fieldwork was obtained from FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024). Data curation and open access of this manuscript were supported by the project: FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020. |
| 研究區域描述 | The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) and covered three different habitat-types of this island (intensive pastures, semi-natural pastures and naturalized vegetation). The different habitat-types correspond to a gradient of human disturbance from intensive pastures (most disturbed) to naturalized vegetation (less disturbed). Thirty sampling sites (10 per habitat-type) were selected throughout the island to sample the pollinators. |
| 研究設計描述 | In this study, we employed three sampling techniques: observing pollinators along 50-meter linear transects, pan trapping, and vegetation sweeping. Sampling was conducted across the 30 study sites on sunny or partly cloudy days, with no rain and minimal wind, as these conditions are optimal for observing pollinators. |
參與計畫的人員:
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取樣方法
Transect sampling was conducted along 50-meter linear transects, 2 meters wide (100 m² per site), between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Each transect was walked at a consistent pace, and pollinators found on flowers or in flight were identified on the spot whenever possible. If identification to species level was not feasible in the field, specimens were captured for taxonomic confirmation in the laboratory. Pan trapping involved placing two sets of traps at each site, approximately 50 meters apart—one at the start and the other at the end of each transect. Pan traps, designed to attract and capture pollinators, are colored to appeal to different groups and were active during peak insect activity. Each set consisted of three plastic containers (11 cm in diameter) in blue, white, and yellow to optimize capture diversity. Traps were filled with water mixed with a few drops of detergent and positioned at the average flower height at each site. They remained in place from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., after which insects were collected and transported to the laboratory. Vegetation sweeping was conducted along the same 50-meter transects using a 36 cm diameter entomological net, allowing for the collection of cryptic pollinator species. This technique was applied at all transect sampling sites. Collected insects were placed in vials containing 96% ethanol for later identification in the laboratory
| 研究範圍 | The study was carried out in Terceira (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) and covered three different habitat-types of this island (intensive pastures, semi-natural pastures and naturalized vegetation). The different habitat-types correspond to a gradient of human disturbance from intensive pastures (most disturbed) to naturalized vegetation (less disturbed). Thirty sampling sites (10 per habitat-type) were selected throughout the island to sample the pollinators |
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| 品質控管 | During transect sampling many individuals (e.g. butterflies and hoverflies) were identified to species level on the spot due to their characteristic morphological features. However, most individuals were collected with the help of an entomological net, labelled and stored in vials with ethanol (96%). |
方法步驟描述:
- The samples with specimens collected in pan traps and captured by sweeping were labelled, stored in vials with ethanol and transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the specimens of the target groups were sorted and identified to species level with the help of a stereomicroscope (Leica S9i) and using specific literature.
收藏資料
| 蒐藏名稱 | Entomoteca Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) |
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| 蒐藏編號 | DTP |
| 標本保存方法 | Alcohol, Dried |
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